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We consider the situation where multivariate functional data has been collected over time at each of a set of sites. Our illustrative setting is bivariate, monitoring ozone and PM$_{10}$ levels as a function of time over the course of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-06 Philip A. White , Alan E. Gelfand

An approach is presented for making predictions about functional time series. The method is applied to data coming from periodically correlated processes and electricity demand, obtaining accurate point forecasts and narrow prediction bands…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-29 Antonio Elías , Raúl Jiménez

Atmospheric processes involve both space and time. This is why human analysis of atmospheric imagery can often extract more information from animated loops of image sequences than from individual images. Automating such an analysis requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Akansha Singh Bansal , Yoonjin Lee , Kyle Hilburn , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

High-dimensional multivariate spatial-temporal data arise frequently in a wide range of applications; however, there are relatively few statistical methods that can simultaneously deal with spatial, temporal and variable-wise dependencies…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-05 Elynn Y. Chen , Xin Yun , Rong Chen , Qiwei Yao

We present a new approach to factor rotation for functional data. This is achieved by rotating the functional principal components toward a predefined space of periodic functions designed to decompose the total variation into components…

Applications · Statistics 2012-07-02 Chong Liu , Surajit Ray , Giles Hooker , Mark Friedl

Data-driven flood forecasting methods are useful, especially for the rivers that lack hydrological information to build physical models. Although these former methods can forecast river stages using only past water levels and rainfall data,…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-04-07 Shunya Okuno , Koji Ikeuchi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spatiotemporal forecasting is critical for real-world applications like traffic management, yet capturing reliable interactions remains challenging under noisy and non-stationary conditions. Existing methods primarily rely on historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yinghao Ai , Yukai Zhou , Ruoxi Jiang , Junyi An , Chao Qu , Zhijian Zhou , Shiyu Wang , Fenglei Cao , Zenglin Xu , Furao Shen , Yuan Qi

The majority of real-world processes are spatiotemporal, and the data generated by them exhibits both spatial and temporal evolution. Weather is one of the most essential processes in this domain, and weather forecasting has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Shakir Showkat Sofi , Ivan Oseledets

Revealing the ongoing changes in ocean dynamics and their impact on marine ecosystems requires the joint analysis of multiple variables. Yet, global observational records only cover a few decades, posing a challenge in the separation of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli , Daniele Iudicone

With the advancement of GPS and remote sensing technologies, large amounts of geospatial and spatiotemporal data are being collected from various domains, driving the need for effective and efficient prediction methods. Given spatial data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Zhe Jiang

A recent method based on the concurrence of complex networks and multifractal analyses is applied for the first time to explore ground-level ozone behavior. Ozone time series are converted into complex networks for their posterior analysis.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 R. Carmona-Cabezas , A. B. Ariza-Villaverde , E. Gutierrez de Rave , F. J. Jimenez-Hornero

Forecasting surface water dynamics is crucial for water resource management and climate change adaptation. However, the field lacks comprehensive datasets and standardized benchmarks. In this paper, we introduce HydroChronos, a large-scale,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Eleonora Poeta , Eliana Pastor , Isaac Corley , Tania Cerquitelli , Elena Baralis , Paolo Garza

Groundwater level prediction is an applied time series forecasting task with important social impacts to optimize water management as well as preventing some natural disasters: for instance, floods or severe droughts. Machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Michael Franklin Mbouopda , Thomas Guyet , Nicolas Labroche , Abel Henriot

Spatio-temporal processes in environmental applications are often assumed to follow a Gaussian model, possibly after some transformation. However, heterogeneity in space and time might have a pattern that will not be accommodated by…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-15 Thaís C. O. da Fonseca , Viviana G. R. Lobo , Alexandra M. Schmidt

We introduce a new class of conditional autoregressive models for spatially dependent functional data, formulated through conditional means given neighboring functional observations and characterized by a covariance operator and a spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Sooran Kim

Time series data captures properties that change over time. Such data occurs widely, ranging from the scientific and medical domains to the industrial and environmental domains. When the properties in time series exhibit spatial variations,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Bin Yang , Yuxuan Liang , Chenjuan Guo , Christian S. Jensen

Due to the latest environmental concerns in keeping at bay contaminants emissions in urban areas, air pollution forecasting has been rising the forefront of all researchers around the world. When predicting pollutant concentrations, it is…

Functional data describe a wide range of processes, such as growth curves and spectral absorption. In this study, we analyze air pollution data from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System, focusing on the spatial interactions…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Rita Fici , Gianluca Sottile , Luigi Augugliaro , Ernst-Jan Camiel Wit

The increasing demand for autonomous machines in construction environments necessitates the development of robust object detection algorithms that can perform effectively across various weather and environmental conditions. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Maghsood Salimi , Mohammad Loni , Sara Afshar , Antonio Cicchetti , Marjan Sirjani

Conventional time-series forecasting methods typically aim to minimize overall prediction error, without accounting for the varying importance of different forecast ranges in downstream applications. We propose a training methodology that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Luca-Andrei Fechete , Mohamed Sana , Fadhel Ayed , Nicola Piovesan , Wenjie Li , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem