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The paper contains approximation guarantees for neural networks that are trained with gradient flow, with error measured in the continuous $L_2(\mathbb{S}^{d-1})$-norm on the $d$-dimensional unit sphere and targets that are Sobolev smooth.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 G. Welper

Current deep neural networks (DNNs) can easily overfit to biased training data with corrupted labels or class imbalance. Sample re-weighting strategy is commonly used to alleviate this issue by designing a weighting function mapping from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Jun Shu , Qi Xie , Lixuan Yi , Qian Zhao , Sanping Zhou , Zongben Xu , Deyu Meng

Neural network algorithms simulated on standard computing platforms typically make use of high resolution weights, with floating-point notation. However, for dedicated hardware implementations of such algorithms, fixed-point synaptic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-23 Lorenz K. Muller , Giacomo Indiveri

Estimating the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between random variables is a fundamental problem in statistical analysis. For continuous random variables, traditional information-theoretic estimators scale poorly with dimension and/or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Mikil Foss , Andrew Lamperski

With the rise of big data analytics, multi-layer neural networks have surfaced as one of the most powerful machine learning methods. However, their theoretical mathematical properties are still not fully understood. Training a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Victor Luo , Yazhen Wang , Glenn Fung

Current research has found that some deep neural networks exhibit strong hierarchical self-similarity in feature representation or parameter distribution. However, aside from preliminary studies on how the power-law distribution of weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Jingyi Ding , Chengwen Qi , Hongfei Wang , Jianshe Wu , Licheng Jiao , Yuwei Guo , Jian Gao

Twin neural network regression is trained to predict differences between regression targets rather than the targets themselves. A solution to the original regression problem can be obtained by ensembling predicted differences between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Sebastian J. Wetzel

In this article we present new results on neural networks with linear threshold activation functions. We precisely characterize the class of functions that are representable by such neural networks and show that 2 hidden layers are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Sammy Khalife , Hongyu Cheng , Amitabh Basu

We present a global algorithm for training multilayer neural networks in this Letter. The algorithm is focused on controlling the local fields of neurons induced by the input of samples by random adaptations of the synaptic weights. Unlike…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong Zhao , Tao Jin

In general, approximating classes of functions defined over high-dimensional input spaces by linear combinations of a fixed set of basis functions or ``features'' is known to be hard. Typically, the worst-case error of the best basis set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jonathan Baxter , Peter Bartlett

Artificial neural networks are most commonly trained with the back-propagation algorithm, where the gradient for learning is provided by back-propagating the error, layer by layer, from the output layer to the hidden layers. A recently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-22 Arild Nøkland

Neural networks have shown significant potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). While deep networks are capable of approximating complex functions, direct one-shot training often faces limitations in both accuracy and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-10 Mingxing Weng , Zhiping Mao , Jie Shen

It is commonly believed that the hidden layers of deep neural networks (DNNs) attempt to extract informative features for learning tasks. In this paper, we formalize this intuition by showing that the features extracted by DNN coincide with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Shao-Lun Huang , Xiangxiang Xu , Lizhong Zheng , Gregory W. Wornell

We characterize the best $L_{2}$ approximation to a multivariate function by linear combinations of ridge functions multiplied by some fixed weight functions. In the special case when the weight functions are constants, we propose explicit…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-08-27 Vugar Ismailov

We demonstrate that, hidden within one-layer randomly weighted neural networks, there exist subnetworks that can achieve impressive performance, without ever modifying the weight initializations, on machine translation tasks. To find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Sheng Shen , Zhewei Yao , Douwe Kiela , Kurt Keutzer , Michael W. Mahoney

We introduce network with sub-networks, a neural network which its weight layers could be detached into sub-neural networks during inference. To develop weights and biases which could be inserted in both base and sub-neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Ninnart Fuengfusin , Hakaru Tamukoh

We investigate the expressive power of depth-2 bandlimited random neural networks. A random net is a neural network where the hidden layer parameters are frozen with random assignment, and only the output layer parameters are trained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ming Li , Sho Sonoda , Feilong Cao , Yu Guang Wang , Jiye Liang

In this paper, we study the compression of a target two-layer neural network with N nodes into a compressed network with M<N nodes. More precisely, we consider the setting in which the weights of the target network are i.i.d. sub-Gaussian,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Mohammad Hossein Amani , Simone Bombari , Marco Mondelli , Rattana Pukdee , Stefano Rini

We consider the problem of learning a one-hidden-layer neural network: we assume the input $x\in \mathbb{R}^d$ is from Gaussian distribution and the label $y = a^\top \sigma(Bx) + \xi$, where $a$ is a nonnegative vector in $\mathbb{R}^m$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Rong Ge , Jason D. Lee , Tengyu Ma

We present an explicit construction for feedforward neural network (FNN), which provides a piecewise constant approximation for multivariate functions. The proposed FNN has two hidden layers, where the weights and thresholds are explicitly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-08-23 Kailiang Wu , Dongbin Xiu
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