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Data contamination presents a critical barrier preventing widespread industrial adoption of advanced software engineering techniques that leverage code language models (CLMs). This phenomenon occurs when evaluation data inadvertently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jialun Cao , Songqiang Chen , Wuqi Zhang , Hau Ching Lo , Shing-Chi Cheung

Identifier names play a significant role in program comprehension activities, with high-quality names improving developer productivity and system quality. To correct poor-quality names, developers rename identifiers to reflect their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Anthony Peruma , Christian D. Newman

Agentic coding tools, such as OpenAI Codex, Claude Code, and Cursor, are transforming the software engineering landscape. These AI-powered systems function as autonomous teammates capable of planning and executing complex development tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kosei Horikawa , Hao Li , Yutaro Kashiwa , Bram Adams , Hajimu Iida , Ahmed E. Hassan

Context: Code smells (CS) tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long been catalogued with corresponding mitigating solutions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 José Pereira dos Reis , Fernando Brito e Abreu , Glauco de Figueiredo Carneiro , Craig Anslow

Developers often refactor source code to improve its quality during software development. A challenge in refactoring is to determine if it can be applied or not. To help with this decision-making process, we aim to search for past…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Motoki Abe , Shinpei Hayashi

Code readability is fundamental to software quality and maintainability. Poor readability extends development time, increases bug-inducing risks, and contributes to technical debt. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models, AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kyogo Horikawa , Kosei Horikawa , Yutaro Kashiwa , Hidetake Uwano , Hajimu Iida

Enterprise applications are often built as service-oriented architectures, where the individual services are designed to perform specific functions and interact with each other by means of well-defined APIs (Application Programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Fabrizio Montesi , Marco Peressotti , Valentino Picotti , Olaf Zimmermann

Creating functions is at the center of writing computer programs. But there has been little empirical research on how this is done and what are the considerations that developers use. We design an experiment in which we can compare the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Alexey Braver , Dror G. Feitelson

Docker, the industry standard for packaging and deploying applications, leverages Infrastructure as Code (IaC) principles to facilitate the creation of images through Dockerfiles. However, maintaining Dockerfiles presents significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Emna Ksontini , Meriem Mastouri , Rania Khalsi , Wael Kessentini

Advances in technologies like artificial intelligence and metaverse have led to a proliferation of software systems in business and everyday life. With this widespread penetration, the carbon emissions of software are rapidly growing as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Rohit Mehra , Priyavanshi Pathania , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

Refactoring is a critical process in software development, aiming at improving the internal structure of code while preserving its external behavior. Refactoring engines are integral components of modern Integrated Development Environments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Haibo Wang , Zhuolin Xu , Huaien Zhang , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Shin Hwei Tan

Software architecture consists of series of decisions taken to give a structural solution that meets all the technical and operational requirements. The paper involves code refactoring. Code refactoring is a process of changing the internal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Manpreet Kaur , Ravjeet Singh , Sukhveer Kaur , Baljot Singh , Savpreet Kaur , Navkaran Singh , Aman Ohri , Ravenna Sharma

Large language model (LLM) coding agents can generate working code, but their solutions often accumulate complexity, duplication, and architectural debt. Human developers address such issues through refactoring: behavior-preserving program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alex Thillen , Niels Mündler , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Background: Pull-based development has shaped the practice of Modern Code Review (MCR), in which reviewers can contribute code improvements, such as refactorings, through comments and commits in Pull Requests (PRs). Past MCR studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Flávia Coelho , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Tiago Massoni , Everton L. G. Alves

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity and have steadily improved over time, enabling software developers to use them for various code-related tasks. One common task is code refactoring, where the LLM suggests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Schön , Faiza Amjad , Tehreem Asif , Ranim Khojah , Mazen Mohamad , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Philipp Leitner

Detecting refactorings in commit history is essential to improve the comprehension of code changes in code reviews and to provide valuable information for empirical studies on software evolution. Several techniques have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Lei Chen , Shinpei Hayashi

To create unit tests, it may be necessary to refactor the production code, e.g. by widening access to specific methods or by decomposing classes into smaller units that are easier to test independently. We report on an extensive study to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Pavel Reich , Walid Maalej

It is necessary to gather real refactoring instances while conducting empirical studies on refactoring. However, existing refactoring detection approaches are insufficient in terms of their accuracy and coverage. Reducing the manual effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ryo Kuramoto , Motoshi Saeki , Shinpei Hayashi

This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Anshul Khairnar , Aarya Rajoju , Edward F. Gehringer

Context: Securing microservice-based applications is crucial, as many IT companies are delivering their businesses through microservices. If security smells affect microservice-based applications, they can possibly suffer from security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Francisco Ponce , Jacopo Soldani , Hernán Astudillo , Antonio Brogi