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A cosmological model describing the evolution of $n$ Einstein spaces $(n>1)$ with $m$-component perfect-fluid matter is considered. When all spaces are Ricci-flat and for any $\alpha$-th component the pressures in all spaces are…
There are at least two cosmological constants calling for explanation. The first one describes the quasi-de Sitter inflation in the early universe, and the second describes the current acceleration of the universe associated with dark…
In a specific adiabatic perfect fluid, intrinsic entropy density perturbations are the source of a {\it space dependent} cosmological constant responsible for local void inhomogeneity. Assuming an anisotropic Locally Rotationally Symmetric…
In this paper the author considers the motion of a relativistic perfect fluid with self-interaction mediated by Nordstrom's scalar theory of gravity. The evolution of the fluid is determined by a quasilinear hyperbolic system of PDEs, and a…
I describe an approach which connects classical gravity with the quantum microstructure of spacetime. The field equations arise from maximizing the density of states of matter plus geometry. The former is identified using the thermodynamics…
In the field equations of Einstein-Cartan theory with cosmological constant a static spherically symmetric perfect fluid with spin density satisfying the Weyssenhoff restriction is considered. This serves as a rough model of space filled…
The value of the cosmological constant arising from a crystalline model for vacuum cosmic space with lattice parameter of the order of the neutron radius [1] has been calculated. The model allows to solve, in an easy way, the problem of the…
We examine static perfect fluid spheres in the presence of a cosmological constant. New exact matter solutions are discussed which require the Nariai metric in the vacuum region. We generalize the Einstein static universe such that neither…
We study the dynamics of a cosmological model with a perfect fluid and $\mathcal{N}$ fields on a hyperbolic field space interacting via a symmetric potential. We list all late-time solutions, investigate their stability and briefly discuss…
Recently a covariant entropy conjecture has been proposed for dynamical horizons. We apply this conjecture to concordance cosmological models, namely, those cosmological models filled with perfect fluids, in the presence of a positive…
A static non-singular 10-dimensional closed Friedmann universe of Planck size, filled with a perfect fluid with an equation of state with w = -2/3, can arise spontaneously by a quantum fluctuation from nothing in 11-dimensional spacetime. A…
There are now evidences that the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ has a non-zero positive value. Alternative scenarios to a pure cosmological constant model are provided by quintessence, an effective negative pressure fluid permeating the…
The assumption that a complete description of an early state of the universe does not privilege any position or direction in space leads to a unified account of probability in cosmology, macroscopic physics, and quantum mechanics. Such a…
Entropic cosmology assumes several forms of entropy on the horizon of the universe, where the entropy can be considered to behave as if it were related to the exchange (the transfer) of energy. To discuss this exchangeability, the…
A diverse set of observations now compellingly suggest that Universe possesses a nonzero cosmological constant. In the context of quantum-field theory a cosmological constant corresponds to the energy density of the vacuum, and the wanted…
We consider that the cosmological constant is associated with the vacuum energy density of a particle physics model. In the path integral formalism of euclidean quantum gravity and in the background of the Robertson Walker metric we…
We consider a two-dimensional model of gravity with the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable. The effective cosmological constant is derived when the universe has no initial boundary. It turns out to be extremely small if the…
We consider the cosmology of a 3-brane universe, in a five dimensional space time (Bulk). We present some solutions to the five-dimensional Einstein equation, where a perfect fluid is confined to the 3-brane. We investigate the evolution of…
A finite and unitary nonlocal formulation of quantum gravity is applied to the cosmological constant problem. The entire functions in momentum space at the graviton-standard model particle loop vertices generate an exponential suppression…
The Euler equations governing a relativistic perfect fluid are put into symmetric hyperbolic form with dependent variables the fluid's specific entropy plus a generalized velocity vector equal to the fluid's unit relativistic velocity…