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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments.…

Radar is a low-cost and ubiquitous automotive sensor, but is limited by array resolution and sensitivity when performing direction of arrival analysis. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a class of techniques to improve azimuth resolution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Leyla A. Kabuli , Griffin Foster

Modern on-road navigation systems heavily depend on integrating speed measurements with inertial navigation systems (INS) and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Telemetry-based applications typically source speed data from the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Hany Ragab , Sidney Givigi , Aboelmagd Noureldin

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) fuse data from multiple sensors and sensing modalities to impart a measure of robustness when operating in adverse conditions. Radars and cameras are popular choices for use in sensor fusion; although radar…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Emmett Wise , Qilong Cheng , Jonathan Kelly

Object detection in radar imagery with neural networks shows great potential for improving autonomous driving. However, obtaining annotated datasets from real radar images, crucial for training these networks, is challenging, especially in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Oded Bialer , Yuval Haitman

High quality perception is essential for autonomous driving (AD) systems. To reach the accuracy and robustness that are required by such systems, several types of sensors must be combined. Currently, mostly cameras and laser scanners…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-27 A. Ouaknine , A. Newson , J. Rebut , F. Tupin , P. Pérez

Simulation is an invaluable tool for radio-frequency system designers that enables rapid prototyping of various algorithms for imaging, target detection, classification, and tracking. However, simulating realistic radar scans is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Tianshu Huang , John Miller , Akarsh Prabhakara , Tao Jin , Tarana Laroia , Zico Kolter , Anthony Rowe

Accurate, high-resolution, and real-time DOA estimation is a cornerstone of environmental perception in automotive radar systems. While sparse signal recovery techniques offer super-resolution and high-precision estimation, their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Longxin Bai , Jingchao Zhang , Liyan Qiao

Recent developments in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) that rely on some level of autonomy have led the automobile industry and research community to investigate the impact they might have on driving performance. However, most of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Walter Morales-Alvarez , Mohamed Marouf , Hadj. Hamma Tadjine , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Radar has stronger adaptability in adverse scenarios for autonomous driving environmental perception compared to widely adopted cameras and LiDARs. Compared with commonly used 3D radars, the latest 4D radars have precise vertical resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Xinyu Zhang , Li Wang , Jian Chen , Cheng Fang , Lei Yang , Ziying Song , Guangqi Yang , Yichen Wang , Xiaofei Zhang , Jun Li , Zhiwei Li , Qingshan Yang , Zhenlin Zhang , Shuzhi Sam Ge

Devices that detect angle-of-arrival (AoA) over a wide field of view are crucial for various applications such as wireless communication and navigation. They are often installed on platforms with challenging mechanical and stealth…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Idban Alamzadeh , Michael Inman , Mohammadreza F. Imani

Accurate environmental perception is critical for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems play a crucial role in ADAS; they can reliably detect obstacles and help ensure traffic safety.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Federico Scarì , Nitin Jonathan Myers , Chen Quan , Arkady Zgonnikov

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

High level Automated Driving Systems (ADS) can handle many situations, but they still encounter situations where human intervention is required. In systems where a physical driver is present in the vehicle, typically SAE Level 3 systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Ole Hans , Benedikt Walter

Autonomous vehicles rely heavily upon their perception subsystems to see the environment in which they operate. Unfortunately, the effect of variable weather conditions presents a significant challenge to object detection algorithms, and…

Autonomous vehicles are conceived to provide safe and secure services by validating the safety standards as indicated by SOTIF-ISO/PAS-21448 (Safety of the intended functionality). Keeping in this context, the perception of the environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Moongu Jeon

The usage of environment sensor models for virtual testing is a promising approach to reduce the testing effort of autonomous driving. However, in order to deduce any statements regarding the performance of an autonomous driving function…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anthony Ngo , Max Paul Bauer , Michael Resch

Simulating realistic radar data has the potential to significantly accelerate the development of data-driven approaches to radar processing. However, it is fraught with difficulty due to the notoriously complex image formation process. Here…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Rob Weston , Oiwi Parker Jones , Ingmar Posner

This paper proposes an extensive overview of safety applications and approaches as it relates to automated driving from the prospectives of sensor configurations, vehicle dynamics modelling, tyre modeling, and estimation approaches. First,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-21 Hazem Fahmy , Sabita Mahrajan

Automotive radar has increasingly attracted attention due to growing interest in autonomous driving technologies. Acquiring situational awareness using multimodal data collected at high sampling rates by various sensing devices including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Madhumitha Sakthi , Ahmed Tewfik , Marius Arvinte , Haris Vikalo