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The capabilities of artificial intelligence systems have been advancing to a great extent, but these systems still struggle with failure modes, vulnerabilities, and biases. In this paper, we study the current state of the field, and present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xingli Fang , Jianwei Li , Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

The idea of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a long history. It turned out, however, that reaching intelligence at human levels is more complicated than originally anticipated. Currently we are experiencing a renewed interest in AI, fueled…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Michael van Hartskamp , Sergio Consoli , Wim Verhaegh , Milan Petković , Anja van de Stolpe

Modern AI systems are reaping the advantage of novel learning methods. With their increasing usage, we are realizing the limitations and shortfalls of these systems. Brittleness to minor adversarial changes in the input data, ability to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa , Nalini Ratha

Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly providing decision making and operational support across multiple domains. AI includes a wide library of algorithms for different problems. One important notion for the adoption of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Feras A. Batarseh , Laura Freeman

Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance regulates the exercise of authority and control over the management of AI. It aims at leveraging AI through effective use of data and minimization of AI-related cost and risk. While topics such as AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Johannes Schneider , Rene Abraham , Christian Meske , Jan vom Brocke

Recent progress in AI capabilities has heightened concerns that AI systems could pose a threat to national security, for example, by making it easier for malicious actors to perform cyberattacks on critical national infrastructure, or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Alejandro Ortega

With the breakthroughs in Deep Learning, recent years have witnessed a massive surge in Artificial Intelligence applications and services. Meanwhile, the rapid advances in Mobile Computing and Internet of Things has also given rise to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Prabath Abeysekara , Hai Dong , A. K. Qin

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) marks a pivotal moment in human history. It presents the opportunity for machines to learn, adapt, and perform tasks that have the potential to assist people, from everyday activities to their…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-02 Guy Ben-Ishai , Jeff Dean , James Manyika , Ruth Porat , Hal Varian , Kent Walker

The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence across multiple industry sectors necessitates robust mechanisms for ensuring transparency, trust, and auditability of its development and deployment. This topic is particularly important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kar Balan , Robert Learney , Tim Wood

Federated learning holds great promise in learning from fragmented sensitive data and has revolutionized how machine learning models are trained. This article provides a systematic overview and detailed taxonomy of federated learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Sherin Mary Mathews , Samuel A. Assefa

Artificial Knowledge (AK) systems are transforming decision-making across critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. However, their growing opacity presents governance challenges that current regulatory approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dalit Ken-Dror Feldman , Daniel Benoliel

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and infectious diseases prediction have recently experienced a common development and advancement. Machine learning (ML) apparition, along with deep learning (DL) emergence, extended many approaches against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Selestine Melchane , Youssef Elmir , Farid Kacimi , Larbi Boubchir

Artificial Intelligence may revolutionize everything during the so-called fourth industrial revolution, which carries several emerging technologies and could progress without precedents in human history due to its speed and scope.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Gissel Velarde

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an important technology that supports daily social life and economic activities. It contributes greatly to the sustainable growth of Japan's economy and solves various social problems. In recent years, AI has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Huimin Lu , Yujie Li , Min Chen , Hyoungseop Kim , Seiichi Serikawa

Governments are increasingly interested in using AI to make administrative decisions cheaper, more scalable, and more consistent. But for probabilistic AI to be incorporated into public administration it must be embedded in a compliance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Andrew J. Peterson

The last decade has seen a rise of Deep Learning with its applications ranging across diverse domains. But usually, the datasets used to drive these systems contain data which is highly confidential and sensitive. Though, Deep Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Vishal Jignesh Gandhi , Sanchit Shokeen , Saloni Koshti

This paper critically examines the evolving ethical and regulatory challenges posed by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. We trace the historical development of AI regulation, highlighting major milestones…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Vikram Kulothungan

The expanding role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diverse engineering domains highlights the challenges associated with deploying AI models in new operational environments, involving substantial investments in data collection and model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Daryl Mupupuni , Anupama Guntu , Liang Hong , Kamrul Hasan , Leehyun Keel

The terms 'human-level artificial intelligence' and 'artificial general intelligence' are widely used to refer to the possibility of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) with potentially extreme impacts on society. These terms are poorly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ross Gruetzemacher , Jess Whittlestone

With the breakthroughs in deep learning, the recent years have witnessed a booming of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and services, spanning from personal assistant to recommendation systems to video/audio surveillance. More…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Zhi Zhou , Xu Chen , En Li , Liekang Zeng , Ke Luo , Junshan Zhang