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Large language model (LLM)-based judges are widely adopted for automated evaluation and reward modeling, yet their judgments are often affected by judgment biases. Accurately evaluating these biases is essential for ensuring the reliability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hongli Zhou , Hui Huang , Rui Zhang , Kehai Chen , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao , Muyun Yang

The LLM-as-a-judge paradigm, in which a judge LLM system replaces human raters in rating the outputs of other generative AI (GenAI) systems, plays a critical role in scaling and standardizing GenAI evaluations. To validate such judge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luke Guerdan , Solon Barocas , Kenneth Holstein , Hanna Wallach , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Alexandra Chouldechova

In a broad range of classification and decision making problems, one is given the advice or predictions of several classifiers, of unknown reliability, over multiple questions or queries. This scenario is different from the standard…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-07 Fabio Parisi , Francesco Strino , Boaz Nadler , Yuval Kluger

In semi-supervised learning for classification, it is assumed that every ground truth class of data is present in the small labelled dataset. Many real-world sparsely-labelled datasets are plausibly not of this type. It could easily be the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-11 Matthew Willetts , Stephen J Roberts , Christopher C Holmes

Machine Learning (ML) models have been shown to potentially leak sensitive information, thus raising privacy concerns in ML-driven applications. This inspired recent research on removing the influence of specific data samples from a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Youyang Qu , Xin Yuan , Ming Ding , Wei Ni , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , David Smith

Multi-view learning methods often focus on improving decision accuracy while neglecting the decision uncertainty, which significantly restricts their applications in safety-critical scenarios. To address this, trusted multi-view learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yilin Zhang , Cai Xu , Han Jiang , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao , Xiaofei He , Murat Sensoy

Machine learning (ML) models are only as good as the data they are trained on. But recent studies have found datasets widely used to train and evaluate ML models, e.g. ImageNet, to have pervasive labeling errors. Erroneous labels on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mononito Goswami , Vedant Sanil , Arjun Choudhry , Arvind Srinivasan , Chalisa Udompanyawit , Artur Dubrawski

Applications of machine learning (ML) to high-stakes policy settings -- such as education, criminal justice, healthcare, and social service delivery -- have grown rapidly in recent years, sparking important conversations about how to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Hemank Lamba , Kit T. Rodolfa , Rayid Ghani

Automatic generation of educational materials using large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly common, but assigning difficulty levels to such materials still requires substantial human effort. LLM-as-a-Judge has therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yo Ehara

Now-a-days, derogatory comments are often made by one another, not only in offline environment but also immensely in online environments like social networking websites and online communities. So, an Identification combined with Prevention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Navoneel Chakrabarty

Image classification systems recently made a giant leap with the advancement of deep neural networks. However, these systems require an excessive amount of labeled data to be adequately trained. Gathering a correctly annotated dataset is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Görkem Algan , Ilkay Ulusoy

The prevalence and impact of toxic discussions online have made content moderation crucial.Automated systems can play a vital role in identifying toxicity, and reducing the reliance on human moderation.Nevertheless, identifying toxic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Senjuti Dutta , Sid Mittal , Sherol Chen , Deepak Ramachandran , Ravi Rajakumar , Ian Kivlichan , Sunny Mak , Alena Butryna , Praveen Paritosh

Learning with noisy labels (LNL) aims at designing strategies to improve model performance and generalization by mitigating the effects of model overfitting to noisy labels. The key success of LNL lies in identifying as many clean samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Jichang Li , Guanbin Li , Feng Liu , Yizhou Yu

Complex machine learning models are deployed in several critical domains including healthcare and autonomous vehicles nowadays, albeit as functional black boxes. Consequently, there has been a recent surge in interpreting decisions of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Zijian Zhang , Jaspreet Singh , Ujwal Gadiraju , Avishek Anand

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a class of supervised learning tasks and techniques that also exploits the unlabeled data for training. SSL significantly reduces labeling related costs and is able to handle large data sets. The primary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-30 Eftychios Protopapadakis

Supervised machine learning assumes that labeled data provide accurate measurements of the concepts models are meant to learn. Yet in practice, human labeling introduces systematic variation arising from ambiguous items, divergent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-10 Robert Chew , Stephanie Eckman , Christoph Kern , Frauke Kreuter

Collectively, machine learning (ML) researchers are engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about data-driven algorithms. In a given paper, researchers might aspire to any subset of the following goals, among others: to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-27 Zachary C. Lipton , Jacob Steinhardt

The increasing use of LLMs as substitutes for humans in ``aligning'' LLMs has raised questions about their ability to replicate human judgments and preferences, especially in ambivalent scenarios where humans disagree. This study examines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Manon Revel , Megan Ung , Sebastian Ruder , Adina Williams

Studies on supervised machine learning (ML) recommend involving workers from various backgrounds in training dataset labeling to reduce algorithmic bias. Moreover, sophisticated tasks for categorizing objects in images are necessary to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Jaeyoun You , Daemin Park , Joo-yeong Song , Bongwon Suh

Though majority vote among annotators is typically used for ground truth labels in natural language processing, annotator disagreement in tasks such as hate speech detection may reflect differences in opinion across groups, not noise. Thus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eve Fleisig , Rediet Abebe , Dan Klein
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