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Related papers: Weisfeiler-Lehman meets Gromov-Wasserstein

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We focus on graph classification using a graph neural network (GNN) model that precomputes the node features using a bank of neighborhood aggregation graph operators arranged in parallel. These GNN models have a natural advantage of reduced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Siddhant Doshi , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

The Weisfeiler-Leman dimension of a graph $G$ is the least number $k$ such that the $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm distinguishes $G$ from every other non-isomorphic graph. The dimension is a standard measure of the descriptive…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Moritz Lichter , Simon Raßmann , Pascal Schweitzer

In recent years, algorithms and neural architectures based on the Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm, a well-known heuristic for the graph isomorphism problem, have emerged as a powerful tool for machine learning with graphs and relational data.…

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance has gained increasing interest in the machine learning community in recent years, as it allows for the comparison of measures in different metric spaces. To overcome the limitations imposed by the equal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yikun Bai , Rocio Diaz Martin , Abihith Kothapalli , Hengrong Du , Xinran Liu , Soheil Kolouri

We give an isomorphism test for graphs of Euler genus $g$ running in time $2^{O(g^4 \log g)}n^{O(1)}$. Our algorithm provides the first explicit upper bound on the dependence on $g$ for an fpt isomorphism test parameterized by the Euler…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Daniel Neuen

For graph learning tasks, many existing methods utilize a message-passing mechanism where vertex features are updated iteratively by aggregation of neighbor information. This strategy provides an efficient means for graph features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jianming Huang , Zhongxi Fang , Hiroyuki Kasai

This paper presents a new graph isomorphism invariant, called $\mathfrak{w}$-labeling, that can be used to design a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the graph isomorphism problem for various graph classes. For example, all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Alpár Jüttner , Péter Madarasi

The classical Weisfeiler-Lehman method WL[2] uses edge colors to produce a powerful graph invariant. It is at least as powerful in its ability to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs as the most prominent algebraic graph invariants. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Martin Fürer

We prove that the Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) dimension of the class of all finite planar graphs is at most 3. In particular, every finite planar graph is definable in first-order logic with counting using at most 4 variables. The previously best…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Sandra Kiefer , Ilia Ponomarenko , Pascal Schweitzer

Although recent advances in higher-order Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) improve the theoretical expressiveness and molecular property predictive performance, they often fall short of the empirical performance of models that explicitly use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tom Wollschläger , Niklas Kemper , Leon Hetzel , Johanna Sommer , Stephan Günnemann

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become an essential tool for analyzing graph-structured data, leveraging their ability to capture complex relational information. While the expressivity of GNNs, particularly their equivalence to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Noah Daniëls , Floris Geerts

Twin-width is a graph parameter introduced in the context of first-order model checking, and has since become a central parameter in algorithmic graph theory. While many algorithmic problems become easier on arbitrary classes of bounded…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Irene Heinrich , Moritz Lichter , Klara Pakhomenko , Simon Raßmann

Graph isomorphism testing is usually approached via the comparison of graph invariants. Two popular alternatives that offer a good trade-off between expressive power and computational efficiency are combinatorial (i.e., obtained via the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Or Feldman , Amit Boyarski , Shai Feldman , Dani Kogan , Avi Mendelson , Chaim Baskin

In this paper, we propose a novel graph kernel specifically to address a challenging problem in the field of cyber-security, namely, malware detection. Previous research has revealed the following: (1) Graph representations of programs are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Annamalai Narayanan , Guozhu Meng , Liu Yang , Jinliang Liu , Lihui Chen

While numerous methods have been proposed for computing distances between probability distributions in Euclidean space, relatively little attention has been given to computing such distances for distributions on graphs. However, there has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Samuel Leone , Aarthi Venkat , Guillaume Huguet , Alexander Tong , Guy Wolf , Smita Krishnaswamy

As a classical approach on graph learning, the propagation-aggregation methodology is widely exploited by many of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), wherein the representation of a node is updated by aggregating representations from itself and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xiao Yue , Bo Liu , Feng Zhang , Guangzhi Qu

Gromov-Wasserstein distances are generalization of Wasserstein distances, which are invariant under distance preserving transformations. Although a simplified version of optimal transport in Wasserstein spaces, called linear optimal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Florian Beier , Robert Beinert , Gabriele Steidl

We introduce a theoretical framework for performing statistical tasks---including, but not limited to, averaging and principal component analysis---on the space of (possibly asymmetric) matrices with arbitrary entries and sizes. This is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Samir Chowdhury , Tom Needham

This paper provides a graphical characterization of Markov blankets in chain graphs (CGs) under the Lauritzen-Wermuth-Frydenberg (LWF) interpretation. The characterization is different from the well-known one for Bayesian networks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Marco Valtorta , Pooyan Jamshidi

The expressive power of graph neural network formalisms is commonly measured by their ability to distinguish graphs. For many formalisms, the k-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman (k-WL) graph isomorphism test is used as a yardstick. In this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Floris Geerts