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Inspired by the recent successes of Inverse Optimization (IO) across various application domains, we propose a novel offline Reinforcement Learning (ORL) algorithm for continuous state and action spaces, leveraging the convex loss function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ioannis Dimanidis , Tolga Ok , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

Imitation Learning from Observation (ILfO) is a setting in which a learner tries to imitate the behavior of an expert, using only observational data and without the direct guidance of demonstrated actions. In this paper, we re-examine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Wei-Di Chang , Scott Fujimoto , David Meger , Gregory Dudek

Learning from demonstrations is a useful way to transfer a skill from one agent to another. While most imitation learning methods aim to mimic an expert skill by following the demonstration step-by-step, imitating every step in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Youngwoon Lee , Edward S. Hu , Zhengyu Yang , Joseph J. Lim

We consider the offline constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problem, in which the agent aims to compute a policy that maximizes expected return while satisfying given cost constraints, learning only from a pre-collected dataset. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jongmin Lee , Cosmin Paduraru , Daniel J. Mankowitz , Nicolas Heess , Doina Precup , Kee-Eung Kim , Arthur Guez

Imitation learning (IL) is a general learning paradigm for tackling sequential decision-making problems. Interactive imitation learning, where learners can interactively query for expert demonstrations, has been shown to achieve provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yichen Li , Chicheng Zhang

We study offline imitation learning (IL) when part of the decision-relevant state is observed only through noisy measurements and the distribution may change between training and deployment. Such settings induce spurious state-action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shi Bo , AmirEmad Ghassami

An important problem that arises in reinforcement learning and Monte Carlo methods is estimating quantities defined by the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. In many real-world applications, access to the underlying transition…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-24 Ruiyi Zhang , Bo Dai , Lihong Li , Dale Schuurmans

We study the problem of offline learning in automated decision systems under the contextual bandits model. We are given logged historical data consisting of contexts, (randomized) actions, and (nonnegative) rewards. A common goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Yifei Ma , Yu-Xiang Wang , Balakrishnan , Narayanaswamy

Imitation Learning from Observation (IfO) offers a powerful way to learn behaviors at large-scale: Unlike behavior cloning or offline reinforcement learning, IfO can leverage action-free demonstrations and thus circumvents the need for…

Offline Imitation Learning (IL) with imperfect demonstrations has garnered increasing attention owing to the scarcity of expert data in many real-world domains. A fundamental problem in this scenario is how to extract positive behaviors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Sheng Yue , Jiani Liu , Xingyuan Hua , Ju Ren , Sen Lin , Junshan Zhang , Yaoxue Zhang

In offline Imitation Learning (IL), one of the main challenges is the \textit{covariate shift} between the expert observations and the actual distribution encountered by the agent, because it is difficult to determine what action an agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jie-Jing Shao , Hao-Sen Shi , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Drawing upon the intuition that aligning different modalities to the same semantic embedding space would allow models to understand states and actions more easily, we propose a new perspective to the offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Tianyu Zheng , Ge Zhang , Xingwei Qu , Ming Kuang , Stephen W. Huang , Zhaofeng He

One of the main challenges in offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the distribution shift that arises from the learned policy deviating from the data collection policy. This is often addressed by avoiding out-of-distribution (OOD) actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Daiki E. Matsunaga , Jongmin Lee , Jaeseok Yoon , Stefanos Leonardos , Pieter Abbeel , Kee-Eung Kim

This work addresses the problem of offline safe imitation learning (IL), where the goal is to learn safe and reward-maximizing policies from demonstrations that do not have per-timestep safety cost or reward information. In many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Returaj Burnwal , Nirav Pravinbhai Bhatt , Balaraman Ravindran

Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation (DICE) addresses the mismatch between the stationary distribution induced by a policy and the target distribution required for reliable off-policy evaluation (OPE) and policy optimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Woosung Kim , JunHo Seo , Jongmin Lee , Byung-Jun Lee

Imitation Learning from observation describes policy learning in a similar way to human learning. An agent's policy is trained by observing an expert performing a task. While many state-only imitation learning approaches are based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Damian Boborzi , Christoph-Nikolas Straehle , Jens S. Buchner , Lars Mikelsons

In the unsupervised pre-training for reinforcement learning, the agent aims to learn a prior policy for downstream tasks without relying on task-specific reward functions. We focus on state entropy maximization (SEM), where the goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jongmin Lee , Meiqi Sun , Pieter Abbeel

For imitation learning algorithms to scale to real-world challenges, they must handle high-dimensional observations, offline learning, and policy-induced covariate-shift. We propose DITTO, an offline imitation learning algorithm which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Branton DeMoss , Paul Duckworth , Jakob Foerster , Nick Hawes , Ingmar Posner

Imitation learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training policies in robotic systems when specifying the reward function is difficult. However, despite the success of IL algorithms, they impose the somewhat unrealistic requirement that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Luca Viano , Yu-Ting Huang , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Adrian Weller

Imitation learning (IL) aims to mimic the behavior of an expert policy in a sequential decision-making problem given only demonstrations. In this paper, we focus on understanding the minimax statistical limits of IL in episodic Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Nived Rajaraman , Lin F. Yang , Jiantao Jiao , Kannan Ramachandran