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Interpretability of AI models allows for user safety checks to build trust in such AIs. In particular, Decision Trees (DTs) provide a global look at the learned model and transparently reveal which features of the input are critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

In this paper, three recently introduced reinforcement learning (RL) methods are used to generate human-interpretable policies for the cart-pole balancing benchmark. The novel RL methods learn human-interpretable policies in the form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Daniel Hein , Steffen Limmer , Thomas A. Runkler

The search for interpretable reinforcement learning policies is of high academic and industrial interest. Especially for industrial systems, domain experts are more likely to deploy autonomously learned controllers if they are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Thomas A. Runkler

While achieving tremendous success in various fields, existing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with a black-box neural network makes decisions in an opaque manner that hinders humans from understanding the learned knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zichuan Liu , Yuanyang Zhu , Zhi Wang , Yang Gao , Chunlin Chen

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) technologies, their application in the domain of autonomous driving has become increasingly widespread. However, existing methods suffer from unstructured reasoning, poor…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chang Zhao , Zheming Yang , Yunqing Hu , Qi Guo , Zijian Wang , Pengcheng Li , Wen Ji

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising way to achieve human-like autonomous driving. However, the low sample efficiency and difficulty of designing reward functions for DRL would hinder its applications in practice. In light of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Autonomous driving has the potential to revolutionize mobility and is hence an active area of research. In practice, the behavior of autonomous vehicles must be acceptable, i.e., efficient, safe, and interpretable. While vanilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Lukas M. Schmidt , Sebastian Rietsch , Axel Plinge , Bjoern M. Eskofier , Christopher Mutschler

As a multitude of capable machine learning (ML) models become widely available in forms such as open-source software and public APIs, central questions remain regarding their use in real-world applications, especially in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dimitris Bertsimas , Matthew Peroni

Autonomous urban driving navigation with complex multi-agent dynamics is under-explored due to the difficulty of learning an optimal driving policy. The traditional modular pipeline heavily relies on hand-designed rules and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Xiaodan Liang , Tairui Wang , Luona Yang , Eric Xing

In coming up with solutions to real-world problems, humans implicitly adhere to constraints that are too numerous and complex to be specified completely. However, reinforcement learning (RL) agents need these constraints to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Guiliang Liu , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

The advancement of robots, particularly those functioning in complex human-centric environments, relies on control solutions that are driven by machine learning. Understanding how learning-based controllers make decisions is crucial since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Wei Xiao , Tim Seyde , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus

Clinical trials are critical for advancing medical treatments but remain prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. Accurate prediction of clinical trial outcomes can significantly reduce research and development costs and accelerate drug…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Fengze Liu , Haoyu Wang , Joonhyuk Cho , Dan Roth , Andrew W. Lo

Researchers have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in sequential decision making problems (e.g., robotics control, sequential prediction) with deep neural network models. One often has access to near-optimal oracles that achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Wen Sun , Arun Venkatraman , Geoffrey J. Gordon , Byron Boots , J. Andrew Bagnell

Black-box AI induction methods such as deep reinforcement learning (DRL) are increasingly being used to find optimal policies for a given control task. Although policies represented using a black-box AI are capable of efficiently executing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Yashesh Dhebar , Kalyanmoy Deb , Subramanya Nageshrao , Ling Zhu , Dimitar Filev

Reinforcement Learning (RL) bears the promise of being a game-changer in many applications. However, since most of the literature in the field is currently focused on opaque models, the use of RL in high-stakes scenarios, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Deep reinforcement learning agents are prone to goal misalignments. The black-box nature of their policies hinders the detection and correction of such misalignments, and the trust necessary for real-world deployment. So far, solutions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Hector Kohler , Quentin Delfosse , Riad Akrour , Kristian Kersting , Philippe Preux

There is a growing desire in the field of reinforcement learning (and machine learning in general) to move from black-box models toward more "interpretable AI." We improve interpretability of reinforcement learning by increasing the utility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Aaron M. Roth , Nicholay Topin , Pooyan Jamshidi , Manuela Veloso

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely applied to sequential decision making, where interpretability and performance are both critical for practical adoption. Current approaches typically focus on performance and rely on post hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Qianxin Yi , Shao-Bo Lin , Jun Fan , Yao Wang

Most reinforcement learning (RL) methods focus on learning optimal policies over low-level action spaces. While these methods can perform well in their training environments, they lack the flexibility to transfer to new tasks. Instead, RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jesse Zhang , Minho Heo , Zuxin Liu , Erdem Biyik , Joseph J Lim , Yao Liu , Rasool Fakoor