Related papers: Bayesian inference of the fluctuating proton shape
Four models for the initial conditions of a fluid dynamic description of high energy heavy ion collisions are analysed and compared. We study expectation values and event-by-event fluctuations in the initial transverse energy density…
We perform a comprehensive Bayesian analyses of Au + Au collision data at 1.23 GeV/nucleon using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model that incorporates a momentum-dependent mean field and medium-modified…
Quantum fluctuation expression of the baryon number for a subsystem consisting of hot relativistic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles are derived. These fluctuations seems to diverge in the limit where system size goes to zero. For a broad range…
Baryonic matter close to the saturation density is very likely to present complex inhomogeneous structures collectively known under the name of pasta phase. At finite temperature, the different geometric structures are expected to coexist,…
Event-by-event fluctuations of the net baryon number and electric charge in nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied in Pb+Pb at SPS energies within the HSD transport model. We reveal an important role of the fluctuations in the number of…
We study the fluctuation theory analysis of multiple soft interactions that are used to design SIBYLL 2.1 and related cosmic ray event generators. We examine fluctuation stabilities of Lund string fragmentation involving quark-antiquark and…
Baryon number cumulants are invaluable tools to diagnose the primordial stage of heavy ion collisions if they can be measured. In experiments, however, proton number cumulants have been measured as substitutes. In fact, proton number…
The theory of mesoscopic fluctuations is applied to inhomogeneous solids consisting of chaotically distributed regions with different crystalline structure. This approach makes it possible to describe statistical properties of such mixture…
Starting from the experimental evidence that high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions cannot be described in terms of superpositions of elementary nucleon-nucleon interactions, we analyze the possibility that memory effects and long-range…
We apply Bayesian inference to determine the posterior likelihood distribution for the parameters describing the initial condition of the small-$x$ Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation at leading logarithmic accuracy. The HERA structure…
A primary objective in high-energy heavy-ion collisions is to investigate the phase transition between confined and deconfined color matter. Complementary to the cumulants of conserved charges integrated over the full azimuth, we introduce…
Results from the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA on deep inelastic scattering are reviewed. The data lead to a consistent picture of a steep rise in the F_2 structure function and in the gluon density within the proton. Important new…
We present measurements of the energy dependence of event-by-event fluctuations in the K/pi and (p + \bar{p})/pi multiplicity ratios in heavy ion collisions at the CERN SPS. The particle ratio fluctuations were obtained for central Pb+Pb…
The number of particles detected in a nucleus-nucleus collision strongly depends on the impact parameter of the collision. Therefore, multiplicity fluctuations, as well as rapidity correlations of multiplicities, are dominated by impact…
We argue that the event-by-event fluctuation of the proton number is a meaningful and promising observable for the purpose of detecting the QCD critical end-point in heavy-ion collision experiments. The long range fluctuation of the order…
HERA $ep$ collider provides unique information on the proton structure. High center of mass energy $s=320$ GeV gives access to both the low Bjorken-$x$ domain and regime of high momentum transfers $Q$. Recently the H1 collaboration reported…
We present a mathematical theory of dynamical fluctuations for the hard sphere gas in the Boltzmann-Grad limit. We prove that: (1) fluctuations of the empirical measure from the solution of the Boltzmann equation, scaled with the square…
The effects of quantum and thermal fluctuations upon the fringe structure predicted to be observable in the momentum distribution of coupled Bose-Einstein condensates are studied by the effective-potential method. For a double-well trap,…
Events with isolated leptons and missing transverse momentum are searched for in electron- or positron-proton collisions at HERA by the H1 and ZEUS experiments. Such events may be explained within the Standard Model by W boson production,…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…