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This paper provides a theoretical framework on the solution of feedforward ReLU networks for interpolations, in terms of what is called an interpolation matrix, which is the summary, extension and generalization of our three preceding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Changcun Huang

We present a framework to derive upper bounds on the number of regions that feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activation functions are affine linear on. It is based on an inductive analysis that keeps track of the number of such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-10 Peter Hinz , Sara van de Geer

It is difficult to describe in mathematical terms what a neural network trained on data represents. On the other hand, there is a growing mathematical understanding of what neural networks are in principle capable of representing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Daan Huybrechs

We formalize and interpret the geometric structure of $d$-dimensional fully connected ReLU layers in neural networks. The parameters of a ReLU layer induce a natural partition of the input domain, such that the ReLU layer can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jonatan Vallin , Karl Larsson , Mats G. Larson

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

We consider deep feedforward neural networks with rectified linear units from a signal processing perspective. In this view, such representations mark the transition from using a single (data-driven) linear representation to utilizing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Andreas Heinecke , Wen-Liang Hwang

A ReLU neural network determines/is a continuous piecewise linear map from an input space to an output space. The weights in the neural network determine a decomposition of the input space into convex polytopes and on each of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Ben Sattelberg , Renzo Cavalieri , Michael Kirby , Chris Peterson , Ross Beveridge

A possible path to the interpretability of neural networks is to (approximately) represent them in the regional format of piecewise linear functions, where regions of inputs are associated to linear functions computing the network outputs.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Sandro Preto , Marcelo Finger

A neural network with one hidden layer or a two-layer network (regardless of the input layer) is the simplest feedforward neural network, whose mechanism may be the basis of more general network architectures. However, even to this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Changcun Huang

Iterative approximation methods using backpropagation enable the optimization of neural networks, but they remain computationally expensive, especially when used at scale. This paper presents an efficient alternative for optimizing neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jake Ryland Williams , Haoran Zhao

In this paper, feedforward neural networks are presented that have nonlinear weight functions based on look--up tables, that are specially smoothed in a regularization called the diffusion. The idea of such a type of networks is based on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Artur Rataj

In exchange for large quantities of data and processing power, deep neural networks have yielded models that provide state of the art predication capabilities in many fields. However, a lack of strong guarantees on their behaviour have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Haakon Robinson , Adil Rasheed , Omer San

A neural network consisting of piecewise affine building blocks, such as fully-connected layers and ReLU activations, is itself a piecewise affine function supported on a polyhedral complex. This complex has been previously studied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Arturs Berzins

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding trained ReLU networks as random, affine functions, where the randomness is induced by the distribution over the inputs. By characterizing the probability distribution of the network's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Shreyas Chaudhari , José M. F. Moura

Neural networks have demonstrated a wide range of successes, but their ``black box" nature raises concerns about transparency and reliability. Previous research on ReLU networks has sought to unwrap these networks into linear models based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Seongwoo Lim , Won Jo , Joohyung Lee , Jaesik Choi

Motivated by the interpretability question in ML models as a crucial element for the successful deployment of AI systems, this paper focuses on rule extraction as a means for neural networks interpretability. Through a systematic literature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Sara El Mekkaoui , Loubna Benabbou , Abdelaziz Berrado

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

Deep ReLU Networks can be decomposed into a collection of linear models, each defined in a region of a partition of the input space. This paper provides three results extending this theory. First, we extend this linear decompositions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Mattia Jacopo Villani , Peter McBurney

In spite of finite dimension ReLU neural networks being a consistent factor behind recent deep learning successes, a theory of feature learning in these models remains elusive. Currently, insightful theories still rely on assumptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Devon Jarvis , Richard Klein , Benjamin Rosman , Andrew M. Saxe

It has been widely assumed that a neural network cannot be recovered from its outputs, as the network depends on its parameters in a highly nonlinear way. Here, we prove that in fact it is often possible to identify the architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 David Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording
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