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Expected Shortfall (ES) has been widely accepted as a risk measure that is conceptually superior to Value-at-Risk (VaR). At the same time, however, it has been criticised for issues relating to backtesting. In particular, ES has been found…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-11-20 Susanne Emmer , Marie Kratz , Dirk Tasche

Estimation of tail quantities, such as expected shortfall or Value at Risk, is a difficult problem. We show how the theory of nonlinear expectations, in particular the Data-robust expectation introduced in [5], can assist in the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-15 Samuel N. Cohen

We consider the tail probabilities of stock returns for a general class of stochastic volatility models. In these models, the stochastic differential equation for volatility is autonomous, time-homogeneous and dependent on only a finite…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-03-21 Henrik O. Rasmussen , Paul Wilmott

Recent financial disasters emphasised the need to investigate the consequence associated with the tail co-movements among institutions; episodes of contagion are frequently observed and increase the probability of large losses affecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-05 Mauro Bernardi , Ghislaine Gayraud , Lea Petrella

This paper introduces a new extension of the Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk (CAViaR) model aimed at improving tail risk forecasting across assets. The proposed component-based model, CAViaR with Spillover Effects (CAViaR-SE),…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-27 Demetrio Lacava

Power grids are prone to failure. Time series of reliability measures such as total power loss or energy not supplied can give significant account of the underlying dynamical behavior of these systems, specially when the resulting…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-06-08 Martí Rosas-Casals , Ricard Solé

Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) are widely used in the financial sector to measure the market risk and manage the extreme market movement. The recent link between the quantile score function and the Asymmetric Laplace…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Zhengkun Li , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Chao Wang , Richard Gerlach , Junbin Gao

This paper investigates how two important sources of risk -- market tail risk and extreme market volatility risk -- are priced into the cross-section of asset returns across various investment horizons. To identify such risks, we propose a…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-13 Jozef Baruník , Matěj Nevrla

The study of loss function distributions is critical to characterize a model's behaviour on a given machine learning problem. For example, while the quality of a model is commonly determined by the average loss assessed on a testing set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Etrit Haxholli , Marco Lorenzi

This paper empirically analyses risk in the Euro relative to other currencies. Comparisons are made between a sub period encompassing the final transitional stage to full monetary union with a sub period prior to this. Stability in the face…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2011-03-29 John Cotter

The probability distribution of log-returns for financial time series, sampled at high frequency, is the basis for any further developments in quantitative finance. In this letter, we present experimental results based on a large set of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-10-11 Laurent Schoeffel

To draw inference on serial extremal dependence within heavy-tailed Markov chains, Drees, Segers and Warcho{\l} [Extremes (2015) 18, 369--402] proposed nonparametric estimators of the spectral tail process. The methodology can be extended…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-30 R. A. Davis , H. Drees , J. Segers , M. Warchoł

We establish a statistical learning theoretical framework aimed at extrapolation, or out-of-domain generalization, on the unobserved tails of covariates in continuous regression problems. Our strategy involves performing statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-15 Stephan Clémençon , Nathan Huet , Anne Sabourin

In this paper we provide a new criterion for the comparison of claims, when we have conditional claims arising in stop loss contracts or contracts with franchise deductible. These stochastic comparisons are made on the basis of the Tail…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Félix Belzunce , Alba M. Franco-Pereira , Julio Mulero

This paper proposes an empirical test of financial contagion in European equity markets during the tumultuous period of 2008-2011. Our analysis shows that traditional GARCH and Gaussian stochastic-volatility models are unable to explain two…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-03-28 Nicholas G. Polson , James G. Scott

The debate of what quantitative risk measure to choose in practice has mainly focused on the dichotomy between Value at Risk (VaR) -- a quantile -- and Expected Shortfall (ES) -- a tail expectation. Range Value at Risk (RVaR) is a natural…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-27 Tobias Fissler , Johanna F. Ziegel

Forecast models in statistical seismology are commonly evaluated with log-likelihood scores of the full distribution P(n) of earthquake numbers, yet heavy tails and out-of-range observations can bias model ranking. We develop a tail-aware…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-02-24 Jiawei Li , Qingyuan Zhang , Didier Sornette

In this paper we study time-consistent risk measures for returns that are given by a GARCH(1,1) model. We present a construction of risk measures based on their static counterparts that overcomes the lack of time-consistency. We then study…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-02 Claudia Klüppelberg , Jianing Zhang

Value at risk and expected shortfall are increasingly popular tail risk measures in the financial risk management field. Both academia and financial institutions are working to improve tail risk forecasts in order to meet the requirements…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-02-23 Zhengkun Li

In this paper we propose a multivariate quantile regression framework to forecast Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) of multiple financial assets simultaneously, extending Taylor (2019). We generalize the Multivariate…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-19 Luca Merlo , Lea Petrella , Valentina Raponi
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