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The code capacity threshold for error correction using qubits which exhibit asymmetric or biased noise channels is known to be much higher than with qubits without such structured noise. However, it is unclear how much this improvement…

A crucial insight for practical quantum error correction is that different types of errors, such as single-qubit Pauli operators, typically occur with different probabilities. Finding an optimal quantum code under such biased noise is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Junyu Fan , Matthew Steinberg , Alexander Jahn , Chunjun Cao , Sebastian Feld

Various realizations of Kitaev's surface code perform surprisingly well for biased Pauli noise. Attracted by these potential gains, we study the performance of Clifford-deformed surface codes (CDSCs) obtained from the surface code by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Arpit Dua , Aleksander Kubica , Liang Jiang , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

We propose a new low-density parity-check code construction scheme based on 2-lifts. The proposed codes have an advantage of admitting efficient hardware implementations. With the motivation of designing codes with low error floors, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-08-27 Xudong Ma , En-hui Yang

Current hardware for quantum computing suffers from high levels of noise, and so to achieve practical fault-tolerant quantum computing will require powerful and efficient methods to correct for errors in quantum circuits. Here, we explore…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Aditya Jain , Pavithran Iyer , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

Ubiquitous noises in quantum systems remain a key obstacle to building quantum computers, necessitating the use of quantum error correction codes. Recently, error-correcting codes tailored for noise-biased systems have been shown to offer…

We propose a method for constructing quantum error-correcting codes based on non-binary low-density parity-check codes with Tanner graph girth 16. While conventional constructions using circulant permutation matrices are limited to girth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Kenta Kasai

Quantum error correction codes (QECCs) are critical for realizing reliable quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum states against noise and errors. However, limited research has analyzed the noise resilience of QECCs to help select…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

We propose the X$^3$Z$^3$ Floquet code, a dynamical code with improved performance under biased noise compared to other Floquet codes. The enhanced performance is attributed to a simplified decoding problem resulting from a persistent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 F. Setiawan , Campbell McLauchlan

Recent progress in quantum computing has enabled systems with tens of reliable logical qubits, built from thousands of noisy physical qubits. However, many impactful applications demand quantum computations with millions of logical qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for practical realization of fault-tolerant quantum computing, and recently proposed families of quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) code are prime candidates for advanced QEC hardware…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Nithin Raveendran , David Declercq , Bane Vasić

This study proposes an explicit construction method for quantum quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with a girth of 12. The proposed method designs parity-check matrices that maximize the girth while maintaining an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu

Fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on scaling up quantum error correcting codes in order to suppress the error rate on the encoded quantum states. Topological codes, such as the surface code or color codes are leading candidates for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Pedro Parrado-Rodríguez , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

Quantum low density parity check (qLDPC) codes, particularly bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve competitive fault tolerance thresholds while offering substantially higher encoding rates than planar surface codes. However, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , Eneet Kaur , Reza Nejabati , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

Surface codes are promising for practical quantum error correction due to their high threshold and experimental feasibility. However, their performance under realistic noise conditions, particularly those involving correlated errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 SiYing Wang , Yue Yan , ZhiXin Xia , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum synchronizable codes are kinds of quantum error-correcting codes that can not only correct the effects of quantum noise on qubits but also the misalignment in block synchronization. This paper contributes to constructing two classes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Tao Wang , Tongjiang Yan , Vladimir Sidorenko , Xueting Wang

An algorithm is presented for error correction in the surface code quantum memory. This is shown to correct depolarizing noise up to a threshold error rate of 18.5%, exceeding previous results and coming close to the upper bound of 18.9%.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 James R. Wootton , Daniel Loss
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