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Context: Developing software-intensive products or services usually involves a plethora of software artefacts. Assets are artefacts intended to be used more than once and have value for organisations; examples include test cases, code,…
Owing to a growing number of attacks, the assessment of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) has gained in importance. An integral part of an assessment is the creation of a detailed inventory of all connected devices, enabling vulnerability…
As Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things continue to advance, industrial control systems are increasingly adopting IT solutions, including communication standards and protocols. As these systems become more decentralized and…
The increasing digitization and interconnection of legacy Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) open new vulnerability surfaces, exposing such systems to malicious attackers. Furthermore, since ICSs are often employed in critical…
In an Industrial Control System (ICS), its complex network of sensors, actuators and controllers have raised security concerns for critical infrastructures and industrial production units. This opinion paper strives to initiate discussion…
Industrial control systems (ICSs) are widely used in industry, and their security and stability are very important. Once the ICS is attacked, it may cause serious damage. Therefore, it is very important to detect anomalies in ICSs. ICS can…
Although the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) standard provides a structured and machine-readable representation of industrial assets, their semantic comparability remains a major challenge, particularly when different vocabularies and…
Asset owner identification is an important first step for any information security organization, allowing organizations the ability to identify and detect data breaches and losses, vulnerabilities, possible attack surfaces, and define…
The increasing interaction of industrial control systems (ICSs) with public networks and digital devices introduces new cyber threats to power systems and other critical infrastructure. Recent cyber-physical attacks such as Stuxnet and…
Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industries. The community, after many years of research, still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient IDS that are capable of handling large…
Port scanning refers to the systematic exploration of networked computing systems. The goal of port scanning is to identify active services and associated information. Although this technique is often employed by malicious actors to locate…
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are used worldwide in critical infrastructures. An ICS system can be a single embedded system working stand-alone for controlling a simple process or ICS can also be a very complex Distributed Control System…
Past attacks against industrial control systems (ICS) show that adversaries often target both the ICS network and the physical process to achieve potential catastrophic impact. To secure ICS, intrusion detection systems promise timely…
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are essential for protecting computer systems and networks against a wide range of cyber threats that continue to evolve over time. IDS are commonly categorized into two main types, each with its own…
With the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT), billions of everyday objects are being connected to the Internet. Effective management of these devices to support reliable, secure and high quality applications becomes challenging…
Conformance checking is a sub-discipline of process mining, which compares observed process traces with a process model to analyze whether the process execution conforms with or deviates from the process design. Organizations can leverage…
The integration of communication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) increases their vulnerability towards cyber-attacks, causing devastating outcomes. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems…
Industrial Control System (ICS) testbeds serve as a platform for evaluating and validating control system performances, cybersecurity tools and technologies. In order to build or enhance an ICS testbed, it is vital to have a deeper…
Industrial Control Networks (ICN) such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are widely used in industries for monitoring and controlling physical processes. These industries include power generation and supply, gas…
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) help detect unauthorized activities or intrusions that may compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of a resource. This paper presents a general overview of IDSs, the way they are…