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This paper performs a large-scale study of dependency chains in the web, to find that around 50% of first-party websites render content that they did not directly load. Although the majority (84.91%) of websites have short dependency chains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Muhammad Ikram , Rahat Masood , Gareth Tyson , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Roya Ensafi

Website fingerprinting attack is an extensively studied technique used in a web browser to analyze traffic patterns and thus infer confidential information about users. Several website fingerprinting attacks based on machine learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Guodong Huang , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Yuwen Qian , Chunpeng Ge , Liming Fang , Zhe Liu

This paper presents a sociotechnical vision for managing personal data, including cookies, within Web browsers. We first present our vision for a future of semi-automated data governance on the Web, using policy languages to describe data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jesse Wright , Beatriz Esteves , Rui Zhao

We turn our attention to the elephant in the room of data protection, which is none other than the simple and obvious question: "Who's tracking sensitive domains?". Despite a fast-growing amount of work on more complex facets of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Costas Iordanou , Georgios Smaragdakis , Nikolaos Laoutaris

Monetizing websites and web apps through online advertising is widespread in the web ecosystem. The online advertising ecosystem nowadays forces publishers to integrate ads from these third-party domains. On the one hand, this raises…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Behnam Pourghassemi , Jordan Bonecutter , Zhou Li , Aparna Chandramowlishwaran

Anecdotal evidence suggests an increasing number of people are turning to VPN services for the properties of privacy, anonymity and free communication over the internet. Despite this, there is little research into what these services are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Oliver Farnan , Alexander Darer , Joss Wright

Group based anonymization is the most widely studied approach for privacy preserving data publishing. This includes k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness, to name a few. The goal of this paper is to raise a fundamental issue on the…

Databases · Computer Science 2009-05-13 Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Ada Wai-Chee Fu , Ke Wang , Yabo Xu , Philip S. Yu

Advertisers are increasingly turning to fingerprinting techniques to track users across the web. As web browsing activity shifts to mobile platforms, traditional browser fingerprinting techniques become less effective; however, device…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Edward Chou , Muhammad Haris Mughees

Modern websites include various types of third-party content such as JavaScript, images, stylesheets, and Flash objects in order to create interactive user interfaces. In addition to explicit inclusion of third-party content by website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Sajjad Arshad , Amin Kharraz , William Robertson

In the realm of cybersecurity, phishing stands as a prevalent cyber attack, where attackers employ various tactics to deceive users into gathering their sensitive information, potentially leading to identity theft or financial gain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

We need to rethink our approach to defend privacy on the internet. Currently, policymakers focus heavily on the idea of informed consent as a means to defend privacy. For instance, in many countries the law requires firms to obtain an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

Browser fingerprinting is a stateless tracking technique that attempts to combine information exposed by multiple different web APIs to create a unique identifier for tracking users across the web. Over the last decade, trackers have abused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq

Third-party services form an integral part of the mobile ecosystem: they allow app developers to add features such as performance analytics and social network integration, and to monetize their apps by enabling user tracking and targeted ad…

Targeted advertising has transformed the marketing landscape for a wide variety of businesses, by creating new opportunities for advertisers to reach prospective customers by delivering personalised ads, using an infrastructure of a number…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Imdad Ullah , Roksana Boreli , Salil S. Kanhere

Online Social Networking Sites attracted a massive number of users over the past decade but also raised privacy concerns with the amount of personal information disclosed. Studies have shown that 25% of the users are not aware of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Roba Darwish , Kambiz Ghazinour

Cookie banners, the pop ups that appear to collect your consent for data collection, are a tempting ground for dark patterns. Dark patterns are design elements that are used to influence the user's choice towards an option that is not in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Than Htut Soe , Cristiana Teixeira Santos , Marija Slavkovik

`Tracking' is the collection of data about an individual's activity across multiple distinct contexts and the retention, use, or sharing of data derived from that activity outside the context in which it occurred. This paper aims to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Reuben Binns

Recent work in traffic analysis has shown that traffic patterns leaked through side channels can be used to recover important semantic information. For instance, attackers can find out which website, or which page on a website, a user is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-09-02 Xun Gong , Negar Kiyavash , Nabíl Schear , Nikita Borisov

The primary objective of an anonymity tool is to protect the anonymity of its users through the implementation of strong encryption and obfuscation techniques. As a result, it becomes very difficult to monitor and identify users activities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Javeriah Saleem , Rafiqul Islam , Zahidul Islam

In the early age of the internet users enjoyed a large level of anonymity. At the time web pages were just hypertext documents; almost no personalisation of the user experience was o ered. The Web today has evolved as a world wide…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Silvia Puglisi , David Rebollo-Monedero , Jordi Forné