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This paper investigates contextual word representation models from the lens of similarity analysis. Given a collection of trained models, we measure the similarity of their internal representations and attention. Critically, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 John M. Wu , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

Understanding the decision-making process of black-box models has become not just a legal requirement, but also an additional way to assess their performance. However, the state of the art post-hoc explanation approaches for regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Nedeljko Radulovic , Albert Bifet , Fabian Suchanek

With the increasing adoption of predictive models trained using machine learning across a wide range of high-stakes applications, e.g., health care, security, criminal justice, finance, and education, there is a growing need for effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Aria Khademi , Vasant Honavar

Data-trained predictive models see widespread use, but for the most part they are used as black boxes which output a prediction or score. It is therefore hard to acquire a deeper understanding of model behavior, and in particular how…

In recent years, neural networks have demonstrated their remarkable ability to discern intricate patterns and relationships from raw data. However, understanding the inner workings of these black box models remains challenging, yet crucial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-18 Niklas Koenen , Marvin N. Wright

Most existing interpretable methods explain a black-box model in a post-hoc manner, which uses simpler models or data analysis techniques to interpret the predictions after the model is learned. However, they (a) may derive contradictory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mengzhuo Guo , Qingpeng Zhang , Xiuwu Liao , Daniel Dajun Zeng

We develop a method for generating causal post-hoc explanations of black-box classifiers based on a learned low-dimensional representation of the data. The explanation is causal in the sense that changing learned latent factors produces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Matthew O'Shaughnessy , Gregory Canal , Marissa Connor , Mark Davenport , Christopher Rozell

When the prediction of a black-box machine learning model deviates from the true observation, what can be said about the reason behind that deviation? This is a fundamental and ubiquitous question that the end user in a business or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tsuyoshi Idé , Naoki Abe

Recent work in model-agnostic explanations of black-box machine learning has demonstrated that interpretability of complex models does not have to come at the cost of accuracy or model flexibility. However, it is not clear what kind of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-24 Sameer Singh , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Carlos Guestrin

Explaining the behavior of black box machine learning models through human interpretable rules is an important research area. Recent work has focused on explaining model behavior locally i.e. for specific predictions as well as globally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Sukriti Verma , Nikaash Puri , Piyush Gupta , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Interpretable Machine Learning faces a recurring challenge of explaining the predictions made by opaque classifiers such as ensemble models, kernel methods, or neural networks in terms that are understandable to humans. When the model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Frederic Koriche , Jean-Marie Lagniez , Stefan Mengel , Chi Tran

For AI systems to garner widespread public acceptance, we must develop methods capable of explaining the decisions of black-box models such as neural networks. In this work, we identify two issues of current explanatory methods. First, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Oana-Maria Camburu , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Jakob Foerster , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom

Local surrogate approaches for explaining machine learning model predictions have appealing properties, such as being model-agnostic and flexible in their modelling. Several methods exist that fit this description and share this goal.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Rafael Poyiadzi , Xavier Renard , Thibault Laugel , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Marcin Detyniecki

Analogical reasoning plays a critical role in human cognition, enabling us to understand new concepts by associating them with familiar ones. Previous research in the AI community has mainly focused on identifying and generating analogies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Siyu Yuan , Cheng Jiayang , Lin Qiu , Deqing Yang

We propose Black Box Explanations through Transparent Approximations (BETA), a novel model agnostic framework for explaining the behavior of any black-box classifier by simultaneously optimizing for fidelity to the original model and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Ece Kamar , Rich Caruana , Jure Leskovec

Explaining decisions of black-box classifiers is both important and computationally challenging. In this paper, we scrutinize explainers that generate feature-based explanations from samples or datasets. We start by presenting a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Leila Amgoud , Martin C. Cooper , Salim Debbaoui

The widespread adoption of black-box models in Artificial Intelligence has enhanced the need for explanation methods to reveal how these obscure models reach specific decisions. Retrieving explanations is fundamental to unveil possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Francesco Bodria , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti , Francesca Naretto , Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Feature attributions and counterfactual explanations are popular approaches to explain a ML model. The former assigns an importance score to each input feature, while the latter provides input examples with minimal changes to alter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal , Divyat Mahajan , Chenhao Tan , Amit Sharma

Ensuring the trustworthiness and interpretability of machine learning models is critical to their deployment in real-world applications. Feature attribution methods have gained significant attention, which provide local explanations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Md Abdul Kadir , Gowtham Krishna Addluri , Daniel Sonntag

Understanding the behavior of learned classifiers is an important task, and various black-box explanations, logical reasoning approaches, and model-specific methods have been proposed. In this paper, we introduce probabilistic sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Eric Wang , Pasha Khosravi , Guy Van den Broeck