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Despite remarkable capabilities, artificial neural networks exhibit limited flexible, generalizable intelligence. This limitation stems from their fundamental divergence from biological cognition that overlooks both neural regions'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Boheng Liu , Ziyu Li , Qing Li , Xia Wu

Neurons in real brains are enormously complex computational units. Among other things, they're responsible for transforming inbound electro-chemical vectors into outbound action potentials, updating the strengths of intermediate synapses,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Blake Camp , Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu , Rolando Estrada

The biological neural network is a vast and diverse structure with high neural heterogeneity. Conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) primarily focus on modifying the weights of connections through training while modeling neurons as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Yang Li , Yi Zeng

We are proposing fully parallel and maximally distributed hardware realization of a generic neuro-computing system. More specifically, the proposal relates to the wireless sensor networks technology to serve as a massively parallel and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Gursel Serpen

Recent artificial neural network architectures improve performance and power dissipation by leveraging resistive devices to store and multiply synaptic weights with input data. Negative and positive synaptic weights are stored on the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Krishna Prasad Gnawali , Seyed Nima Mozaffari , Spyros Tragoudas

The rising demand for energy-efficient edge AI systems (e.g., mobile agents/robots) has increased the interest in neuromorphic computing, since it offers ultra-low power/energy AI computation through spiking neural network (SNN) algorithms…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

The synapse is a key element of neuromorphic computing in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, an optimized current-controlled memristive synapse circuit is proposed. Our proposed synapse demonstrates reliability in the face of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Hritom Das , Rocco D. Febbo , Charlie P. Rizzo , Nishith N. Chakraborty , James S. Plank , Garrett S. Rose

The brain, as the source of inspiration for Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), is based on a sparse structure. This sparse structure helps the brain to consume less energy, learn easier and generalize patterns better than any other ANN. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Seyed Majid Naji , Azra Abtahi , Farokh Marvasti

Deep neural network (DNN) accelerators received considerable attention in recent years due to the potential to save energy compared to mainstream hardware. Low-voltage operation of DNN accelerators allows to further reduce energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 David Stutz , Nandhini Chandramoorthy , Matthias Hein , Bernt Schiele

The effectiveness of deep neural networks (DNN) in vision, speech, and language processing has prompted a tremendous demand for energy-efficient high-performance DNN inference systems. Due to the increasing memory intensity of most DNN…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Skanda Koppula , Lois Orosa , Abdullah Giray Yağlıkçı , Roknoddin Azizi , Taha Shahroodi , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Onur Mutlu

Biological synaptic transmission is unreliable, and this unreliability likely degrades neural circuit performance. While there are biophysical mechanisms that can increase reliability, for instance by increasing vesicle release probability,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-02 James Malkin , Cian O'Donnell , Conor Houghton , Laurence Aitchison

The last decade has witnessed the breakthrough of deep neural networks (DNNs) in many fields. With the increasing depth of DNNs, hundreds of millions of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations need to be executed. To accelerate such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Amro Eldebiky , Grace Li Zhang , Georg Boecherer , Bing Li , Ulf Schlichtmann

In neuromorphic computing, artificial synapses provide a multi-weight conductance state that is set based on inputs from neurons, analogous to the brain. Additional properties of the synapse beyond multiple weights can be needed, and can…

Conventional integrated circuits (ICs) struggle to meet the escalating demands of artificial intelligence (AI). This has sparked a renewed interest in an unconventional computing paradigm: neuromorphic (brain-inspired) computing. However,…

Neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in computer vision, however they are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial examples are inputs that have been carefully perturbed to fool classifier networks, while appearing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Rachel Sterneck , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been popularized in many science and technological areas due to their capacity to solve many complex pattern matching problems. That is the case of Virtual Screening, a research area that studies how to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Christian F. Frasser , Carola de Benito , Vincent Canals , Miquel Roca , Pedro J. Ballester , Josep L. Rossello

In this work, we simulate the functionality of artificial neuron and synapse using spin-orbit torque-based spintronic devices and implemented a fully connected artificial neural netwrok (ANN). These neuro-synaptic devices are emulated using…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Sakshi Kiran Bandekar , Arnab Ganguly , Debanjan Polley , Debasis Das

Achieving energy efficiency in learning is a key challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) computing platforms. Biological systems demonstrate remarkable abilities to learn complex skills quickly and efficiently. Inspired by this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ingo Blakowski , Dmitrii Zendrikov , Cristiano Capone , Giacomo Indiveri

Data-intensive computing tasks, such as training neural networks, are crucial for artificial intelligence applications but often come with high energy demands. One promising solution is to develop specialized hardware that directly maps…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ankur Singh , Dowon Kim , Byung-Geun Lee