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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized zero-shot task performance, mitigating the need for task-specific annotations while enhancing task generalizability. Despite its advancements, current methods using trigger phrases such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Saurabh Srivastava , Chengyue Huang , Weiguo Fan , Ziyu Yao

Large language models have shown their ability to become effective few-shot learners with prompting, revolutionizing the paradigm of learning with data scarcity. However, this approach largely depends on the quality of prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Xiaoming Liu , Chen Liu , Zhaohan Zhang , Chengzhengxu Li , Longtian Wang , Yu Lan , Chao Shen

Large pre-trained vision-language (VL) models can learn a new task with a handful of examples and generalize to a new task without fine-tuning. However, these VL models are hard to deploy for real-world applications due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Woojeong Jin , Yu Cheng , Yelong Shen , Weizhu Chen , Xiang Ren

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced to encompass extensive knowledge across diverse domains. Yet controlling what a large language model should not know is important for ensuring alignment and thus safe use. However, accurately and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Chris Yuhao Liu , Yaxuan Wang , Jeffrey Flanigan , Yang Liu

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) has attracted growing interest, which investigates a more practical scenario where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are only contained in unlabeled data. Existing OSSL methods like OpenMatch learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Haoran Li , Chun-Mei Feng , Tao Zhou , Yong Xu , Xiaojun Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are widely used in many sub-fields of natural language processing (NLP) and generally known as excellent few-shot learners with task-specific exemplars. Notably, chain of thought (CoT) prompting, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Takeshi Kojima , Shixiang Shane Gu , Machel Reid , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

Large-scale language models such as GPT-3 are excellent few-shot learners, allowing them to be controlled via natural text prompts. Recent studies report that prompt-based direct classification eliminates the need for fine-tuning but lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Kang Min Yoo , Dongju Park , Jaewook Kang , Sang-Woo Lee , Woomyeong Park

Low-shot image classification, where training images are limited or inaccessible, has benefited from recent progress on pre-trained vision-language (VL) models with strong generalizability, e.g. CLIP. Prompt learning methods built with VL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhaoheng Zheng , Jingmin Wei , Xuefeng Hu , Haidong Zhu , Ram Nevatia

Prompt tuning learns soft prompts to condition frozen Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for performing downstream tasks in a parameter-efficient manner. While prompt tuning has gradually reached the performance level of fine-tuning as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Fang Ma , Chen Zhang , Lei Ren , Jingang Wang , Qifan Wang , Wei Wu , Xiaojun Quan , Dawei Song

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

Batch prompting is a common technique in large language models (LLMs) used to process multiple inputs simultaneously, aiming to improve computational efficiency. However, as batch sizes increase, performance degradation often occurs due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Longyu Feng , Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks: Unidirectional PLMs (e.g., GPT) are well known for their superior text generation capabilities; bidirectional PLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yu Meng , Jiaxin Huang , Yu Zhang , Jiawei Han

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer

The dream of achieving a student-teacher ratio of 1:1 is closer than ever thanks to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). One potential application of these models in the educational field would be to provide feedback to students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marc Ballestero-Ribó , Daniel Ortiz-Martínez

We consider the task of few-shot intent detection, which involves training a deep learning model to classify utterances based on their underlying intents using only a small amount of labeled data. The current approach to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Haode Zhang , Haowen Liang , Liming Zhan , Albert Y. S. Lam , Xiao-Ming Wu

Prompt learning approaches have made waves in natural language processing by inducing better few-shot performance while they still follow a parametric-based learning paradigm; the oblivion and rote memorization problems in learning may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Xiang Chen , Lei Li , Ningyu Zhang , Xiaozhuan Liang , Shumin Deng , Chuanqi Tan , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Huajun Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, with optimizing their input prompts playing a pivotal role in maximizing their performance. However, while LLM prompts consist of both the task-agnostic system prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yumin Choi , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Semi-supervised learning has been an effective paradigm for leveraging unlabeled data to reduce the reliance on labeled data. We propose CoMatch, a new semi-supervised learning method that unifies dominant approaches and addresses their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Junnan Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven Hoi

Current methods for prompt learning in zeroshot scenarios widely rely on a development set with sufficient human-annotated data to select the best-performing prompt template a posteriori. This is not ideal because in a realworld zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Jinghui Lu , Dongsheng Zhu , Weidong Han , Rui Zhao , Brian Mac Namee , Fei Tan