Related papers: The Cosmological Constant as Event Horizon
These lectures describe how the Standard Model of cosmology ($\Lambda$CDM) has developped, based on observational facts but also on ideas formed in the context of the theory of fundamental interactions, both gravitational and…
In a previous paper we proposed a new approach to the beginning of inflation -- a lingering universe. The universe begins in a lingering state with a nearly vanishing Hubble parameter. This calls into question the absolute age of the…
Recent observations of high-redshift supernovae seem to suggest that the global geometry of the Universe may be affected by a `cosmological constant', which acts to accelerate the expansion rate with time. But these data by themselves still…
Cosmic horizons arise in general relativity in the context of black holes and in certain cosmologies. Classically, regions beyond a horizon are inaccessible to causal observers. However, quantum mechanical correlations may exist across…
We conjecture a time dependent Lambda(t), in terms of the Gaussian curvature of the causal horizon, which is nonvanishing even in Minkowski space due to the lack of informations beyond the light cone. Using the Heisenberg Principle, the…
The problem of the event horizon in relativistic gravity is discussed. Singular solutions in general relativity are well known. The Schwarschild metric of a spherical mass is singular at zero ($r = 0$) and at the event horizon ($r = r_g$).…
The cosmological constant (term) is the simplest way, presently known, to illustrate the accelerating expansion of the universe. However, because of/despite its simple appearance, there is much confusion surrounding its essence. Theorists…
In this paper we consider spacetimes in vacuum general relativity --possibly coupled to a scalar field-- with a positive cosmological constant $\Lambda$. We employ the Isolated Horizons (IH) formalism where the boundary conditions imposed…
In this paper we present a statistical description of the cosmological constant in terms of massless bosons (gravitons). To this purpose, we use our recent results implying a non vanishing temperature ${T_{\Lambda}}$ for the cosmological…
We propose that the totality of dark matter in the universe might ascribe its origin to one of the key properties of cosmological inflation, that it may be eternal: regions that at the end of the primordial accelerated expansion of the…
Within the frame of the $\Lambda$ cold dark matter paradigm, a dark energy component of unknown origin is expected to represent nearly 70% of the energy of the Universe. Herein, a non-standard form of the Hubble law is advocated, with the…
In a previous work it was shown that by considering the quantum nature of the gravitational field mediator, it is possible to introduce the momentum energy of the graviton into the Einstein equations as an effective cosmological constant.…
General arguments based on curved space-time thermodynamics show that any extensive quantity, like the free energy or the entropy of thermal matter, always has a divergent boundary contribution in the presence of event horizons, and this…
A Five dimensional Kaluza-Klein space-time is considered in the presence of a perfect fluid source with variable G and $\Lambda$. An expanding universe is found by using a relation between the metric potential and an equation of state. The…
The first law of black hole thermodynamics in the presence of a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ can be generalized by introducing a term containing the variation $\delta\Lambda$. Similar to other terms in the first law, which are variations…
We show that modelling the universe as a pre-geometric system with emergent quantum modes, and then constructing the classical limit, we obtain a new account of space and gravity that goes beyond Newtonian gravity even in the…
Using modified gravity with non-linear terms of curvature, $R^2$ and $R^{(r +2)}$ (with $r$ being the positive real number and $R$ being the scalar curvature), cosmological scenario,beginning at the Planck scale, is obtained. Here, a…
Observational data in cosmology indicate a small, positive, and nonvanishing cosmological constant that dominates the energy budget of the present universe. The origin of the cosmological constant from a quantum perspective remains…
After a short history of the $\Lambda$-term it is explained why the (effective) cosmological constant is expected to obtain contributions from short-distance physics, corresponding to an energy at least as large as the Fermi scale. The…
The observed value of the cosmological constant poses large theoretical problems. We find that topology of the Universe provides a natural source for it. Restricting dynamically an Einstein-Cartan gravity to General Relativity in our…