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This paper studies the game of guessing riffle-shuffled cards with complete feedback. A deck of $n$ cards labelled 1 to $n$ is riffle-shuffled once and placed on a table. A player tries to guess the cards from top and is given complete…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Pengda Liu

Finding all the words on a Boggle board is a classic computer programming problem. With a fast Boggle solver, local optimization techniques such as hillclimbing and simulated annealing can be used to find particularly high-scoring boards.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Dan Vanderkam

Humans generally use natural language to communicate task requirements to each other. Ideally, natural language should also be usable for communicating goals to autonomous machines (e.g., robots) to minimize friction in task specification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Li Zhou , Kevin Small

The 20 Questions (Q20) game is a well known game which encourages deductive reasoning and creativity. In the game, the answerer first thinks of an object such as a famous person or a kind of animal. Then the questioner tries to guess the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Huang Hu , Xianchao Wu , Bingfeng Luo , Chongyang Tao , Can Xu , Wei Wu , Zhan Chen

We present the Berkeley Crossword Solver, a state-of-the-art approach for automatically solving crossword puzzles. Our system works by generating answer candidates for each crossword clue using neural question answering models and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Eric Wallace , Nicholas Tomlin , Albert Xu , Kevin Yang , Eshaan Pathak , Matthew Ginsberg , Dan Klein

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, ensuring their safety has become a critical concern. In response, studies on jailbreak attacks have been actively growing. Existing approaches typically rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yelim Ahn , Jaejin Lee

We study textual autocomplete---the task of predicting a full sentence from a partial sentence---as a human-machine communication game. Specifically, we consider three competing goals for effective communication: use as few tokens as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Mina Lee , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto , Percy Liang

We calculated a fixed strategy that minimizes the average number of guesses (minimum strategy) for the number-guessing game MOO by exhaustive search. Although the minimum strategy for a similar game, mastermind, has been reported, this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Tetsuro Tanaka

Consider the following one player game. A deck containing $m$ copies of $n$ different card types is shuffled uniformly at random. Each round the player tries to guess the next card in the deck, and then the card is revealed and discarded.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Sam Spiro

Human beings are particularly good at reasoning and inference from just a few examples. When facing new tasks, humans will leverage knowledge and skills learned before, and quickly integrate them with the new task. In addition to learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Hua Huang , Adrian Barbu

Reinforcement learning is widely used for dialogue policy optimization where the reward function often consists of more than one component, e.g., the dialogue success and the dialogue length. In this work, we propose a structured method for…

In online advertising, search engines sell ad placements for keywords continuously through auctions. This problem can be seen as an infinitely repeated game since the auction is executed whenever a user performs a query with the keyword. As…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Francesco Belardinelli , Wojtek Jamroga , Vadim Malvone , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano , Laurent Perrussel

Naming game simulates the process of naming an objective by a population of agents organized in a certain communication network topology. By pair-wise iterative interactions, the population reaches a consensus state asymptotically. In this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Yang Lou , Guanrong Chen

Without explicit feedback, humans can rapidly learn the meaning of words. Children can acquire a new word after just a few passive exposures, a process known as fast mapping. This word learning capability is believed to be the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Guangyuan Jiang , Manjie Xu , Shiji Xin , Wei Liang , Yujia Peng , Chi Zhang , Yixin Zhu

A password composition policy restricts the space of allowable passwords to eliminate weak passwords that are vulnerable to statistical guessing attacks. Usability studies have demonstrated that existing password composition policies can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-02-26 Jeremiah Blocki , Saranga Komanduri , Ariel Procaccia , Or Sheffet

This paper investigates a class of multi-player discrete games where each player aims to maximize its own utility function. Each player does not know the other players' action sets, their deployed actions or the structures of its own or the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Zhisheng Hu , Minghui Zhu , Ping Chen , Peng Liu

Spaced repetition is a technique for efficient memorization which uses repeated, spaced review of content to improve long-term retention. Can we find the optimal reviewing schedule to maximize the benefits of spaced repetition? In this…

Major advances in Question Answering technology were needed for IBM Watson to play Jeopardy! at championship level -- the show requires rapid-fire answers to challenging natural language questions, broad general knowledge, high precision,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Gerald Tesauro , David C. Gondek , Jonathan Lenchner , James Fan , John M. Prager

Twenty questions is a widely popular verbal game. In recent years, many computerized versions of this game have been developed in which a user thinks of an entity and a computer attempts to guess this entity by asking a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Parth Parikh , Anisha Gupta

Consider the problem of guessing the realization of a random vector $\textbf{X}$ by repeatedly submitting queries (guesses) of the form "Is $\textbf{X}$ equal to $\textbf{x}$?" until an affirmative answer is obtained. In this setup, a key…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Neri Merhav , Asaf Cohen