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We present a method for modelling star-forming clouds that combines two different models of the thermal evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM). In the combined model, where the densities are low enough that at least some part of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Matthew R. Bate , Eric R. Keto

Context. In dense clouds, hydrogenation reactions on icy dust grains are key in the formation of molecules, like formaldehyde, methanol, and complex organic molecules (COMs). These species form through the sequential hydrogenation of CO…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-28 K. -J. Chuang , G. Fedoseev , D. Qasim , S. Ioppolo , E. F. van Dishoeck , H. Linnartz

Major components of ices on interstellar grains in molecular clouds - water and carbon oxides - occur at various optical depths. This implies that selective desorption mechanisms are at work. An astrochemical model of a contracting low-mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Juris Kalvans

Aims. We present a new sub-grid model, HYACINTH -- HYdrogen And Carbon chemistry in the INTerstellar medium in Hydro simulations -- for computing the non-equilibrium abundances of ${\rm H_2}$ and its carbon-based tracers, namely ${\rm CO}$,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-02 Prachi Khatri , Cristiano Porciani , Emilio Romano-Díaz , Daniel Seifried , Alexander Schäbe

Icy interstellar dust grains are a source of complex organic molecule (COM) production, although their formation mechanisms are debated. Laboratory experiments show that atomic C deposited onto interstellar ice analogs can react with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-27 Sydney A. Willis , Serge A. Krasnokutski , Nathaniel J. Morin , Robin T. Garrod

Aims: Interstellar molecules form early in the evolutionary sequence of interstellar material that eventually forms stars and planets. To understand this evolutionary sequence, it is important to characterize the chemical composition of its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-07 V. Wakelam , P. Gratier , M. Ruaud , R. Le Gal , L. Majumdar , J. -C. Loison , K. M. Hickson

We use 3D-PDR, a three-dimensional astrochemistry code for modeling photodissociation regions (PDRs), to post-process hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming clouds. We focus on the transition from atomic to molecular gas, with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Stella S. R. Offner , Thomas G. Bisbas , Serena Viti , Thomas A. Bell

We report the first ensemble results from the FUSE survey of molecular hydrogen in lines of sight with A_V $\gtrsim$ 1 mag. We have developed techniques for fitting computed profiles to the low-J lines of H2, and thus determining column…

Nitrogen-bearing molecules display variable isotopic fractionation levels in different astronomical environments such as in the interstellar medium or in the Solar System. Models of interstellar chemistry are unable to induce nitrogen…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-15 Jean-Christophe Loison , Valentine Wakelam , Pierre Gratier , Kevin M. Hickson

Virtually all detailed gas-phase models of the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds exclude polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's). This omission is unfortunate because from the few studies that have been done on the subject, it is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Valentine Wakelam , Eric Herbst

The 1-50 GHz GBT PRIMOS data contains ~50 molecular absorption lines observed in diffuse and translucent clouds located in the Galactic Center, Bar, and spiral arms in the line-of-sight to Sgr B2(N). We measure the column densities and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-02-14 Joanna Corby , Brett McGuire , Eric Herbst , Anthony Remijan

Context. The evolution of amorphous hydrocarbon materials, a-C(:H), principally resulting from ultraviolet (UV) photon absorption- induced processing, are likely at the heart of the variations in the observed properties of dust in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-25 A. P. Jones , L. Fanciullo , M. Koehler , L. Verstraete , V. Guillet , M. Bocchio , N. Ysard

PAHs constitute a major component of the interstellar medium carbon budget, locking up to 10--20% of the elemental carbon. Sequential fragmentation induced by energetic photons leads to the formation of new species, including fullerenes.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-08 P. Castellanos , A. Candian , J. Zhen , H. Linnartz , A. G. G. M. Tielens

Modern observations of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies detect a variety of atomic and molecular species. The goal is to connect these observations to the astrochemical properties of the ISM. 3D hydro-chemical simulations attempt…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-20 Thomas G. Bisbas , Andreas Schruba , Ewine F. van Dishoeck

We present a new methodology for simulating mid-infrared emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in galaxy evolution simulations. To do this, we combine theoretical models of PAH emission features as they respond to varying…

The origin of the diffuse interstellar bands is one of the longest-standing mysteries of the interstellar medium is explored within the framework of The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model at the IaS (THEMIS). The likely nature of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-09 A. P. Jones

Two key questions of the chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the interstellar medium (ISM) are addressed: i) the way carbon is returned from PAHs to the interstellar gas after the very efficient accretion of C+ ions onto…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-14 Alain Omont , Holger F. Bettinger

The formation of compact dusty clouds in diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) has been recently proposed and studied by Tsytovich et al. (2014). In the present paper, an effect of the clouds on the rate of H$\to$H$_2$ transition in the ISM is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-11 A. V. Ivlev , A. Burkert , A. Vasyunin , P. Caselli

We present a study of the elemental depletion in the interstellar medium. We combined the results of a Galatic model describing the gas physical conditions during the formation of dense cores with a full-gas-grain chemical model. During the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-29 V. Wakelam , W. Iqbal , J. -P. Melisse , P. Gratier , M. Ruaud , I. Bonnell

Astrochemistry has been widely developed as a power tool to probe physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in various conditions of the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy, and in near and distant galaxies. Most current studies conventionally…