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With the increasing use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in critical real-world applications, several post hoc explanation methods have been proposed to understand their predictions. However, there has been no work in generating explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Valentina Giunchiglia , Chirag Varun Shukla , Guadalupe Gonzalez , Chirag Agarwal

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a class of neural networks designed to extract information from the graphical structure of data. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are a widely used type of GNN for transductive graph learning problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Matthew Adiletta , David Brooks , Gu-Yeon Wei

Graph coarsening aims to reduce the size of a large graph while preserving some of its key properties, which has been used in many applications to reduce computational load and memory footprint. For instance, in graph machine learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Antonin Joly , Nicolas Keriven

Graph neural networks (GNNs) for link prediction can loosely be divided into two broad categories. First, \emph{node-wise} architectures pre-compute individual embeddings for each node that are later combined by a simple decoder to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yuxin Wang , Xiannian Hu , Quan Gan , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu , David Wipf

Collaborative filtering (CF) models based on graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance in recommender systems by propagating user-item signals over interaction graphs. However, they are highly susceptible to popularity bias,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Md Aminul Islam , Ahmed Sayeed Faruk , Sourav Medya , Elena Zheleva

With the rise of IoT-based botnet attacks, researchers have explored various learning models for detection, including traditional machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid approaches. A key advancement involves deploying attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hassan Wasswa , Hussein Abbass , Timothy Lynar

Message passing has evolved as an effective tool for designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing methods for message passing simply sum or average all the neighboring features to update node representations. They are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Yang , Wenrui Dai , Chenglin Li , Junni Zou , Hongkai Xiong

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data, but their scalability is increasingly strained by the size of real-world graphs in domains like recommender systems, fraud detection, and molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mridul Gupta , Samyak Jain , Vansh Ramani , Hariprasad Kodamana , Sayan Ranu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of machine learning tasks such as recommendation, node classification and link prediction. Graph neural network models generate node embeddings by merging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yunpeng Weng , Xu Chen , Liang Chen , Wei Liu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become an indispensable tool for analyzing relational data. Classical GNNs are broadly classified into three variants: convolutional, attentional, and message-passing. While the standard message-passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Brian Godwin Lim , Galvin Brice Lim , Renzo Roel Tan , Irwin King , Kazushi Ikeda

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful and flexible neural networks that use the naturally sparse connectivity information of the data. GNNs represent this connectivity as sparse matrices, which have lower arithmetic intensity and thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Alok Tripathy , Katherine Yelick , Aydin Buluc

Graph neural networks (GNNs) rely mainly on the message-passing paradigm to propagate node features and build interactions, and different graph learning problems require different ranges of node interactions. In this work, we explore the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Fang Wu , Siyuan Li , Stan Z. Li

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been popular in the graph classification task. Currently, shallow GNNs are more common due to the well-known over-smoothing problem facing deeper GNNs. However, they are sub-optimal without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Lanning Wei , Zhiqiang He , Huan Zhao , Quanming Yao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) leverage message passing mechanisms to learn the topological features of graph data. Traditional GNNs learns node features in a spatial domain unrelated to the topology, which can hardly ensure topological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Juwei Yue , Haikuo Li , Jiawei Sheng , Xiaodong Li , Taoyu Su , Tingwen Liu , Li Guo

Message passing neural networks have shown a lot of success on graph-structured data. However, there are many instances where message passing can lead to over-smoothing or fail when neighboring nodes belong to different classes. In this…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained popularity in various learning tasks, with successful applications in fields like molecular biology, transportation systems, and electrical grids. These fields naturally use graph data, benefiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Caio F. Deberaldini Netto , Zhiyang Wang , Luana Ruiz

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success in learning from graph-structured data. However, their application to directed graphs (digraphs) presents unique challenges, primarily due to the inherent asymmetry in node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wei Zhuo , Han Yu , Guang Tan , Xiaoxiao Li

Presently with technology node scaling, an accurate prediction model at early design stages can significantly reduce the design cycle. Especially during logic synthesis, predicting cell congestion due to improper logic combination can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Amur Ghose , Vincent Zhang , Yingxue Zhang , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Mark Coates

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suffer from Oversquashing, which occurs when tasks require long-range interactions. The problem arises from the presence of bottlenecks that limit the propagation of messages among distant nodes. Recently, graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Kushal Bose , Swagatam Das

Message passing neural networks iteratively generate node embeddings by aggregating information from neighboring nodes. With increasing depth, information from more distant nodes is included. However, node embeddings may be unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Franka Bause , Samir Moustafa , Johannes Langguth , Wilfried N. Gansterer , Nils M. Kriege