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Stability of a photon sphere, or stability of circular null geodesics on the sphere, plays a key role in its applications to astrophysics. For instance, an unstable photon sphere is responsible for determining the size of a black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-02 Yasutaka Koga , Tomohiro Harada

Circular photon orbit and black hole shadow are significantly important issues in physics and astronomy, and a number of breakthroughs have been witnessed in recent years. Conventionally, the stable and unstable circular photon orbits are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-12 Chen-Kai Qiao , Ming Li

In this work, we study the shadow and photon sphere of the black bole in clouds of strings and quintessence with static and infalling spherical accretions. We obtain the geodesics of the photons near a black hole with different impact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-05 Aoyun He , Jun Tao , Yadong Xue , Lingkai Zhang

A recently developed topological approach offers novel insights into photon spheres, which are fundamental to the formation of black hole shadows. In this study, we extend this topological analysis to higher-dimensional, static, spherically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-28 Jun-Lei Chen , Shan-Ping Wu , Shao-Wen Wei

We study images of spacetimes containing continuous photon spheres (CPS). For a self-gravitating, isotropic, spherically symmetric spacetime with CPS, we find that a thin accretion disk produces images that closely resemble those of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Long-Yue Li , Xia-Yuan Liu , Rong-Gen Cai , Yungui Gong , Wenting Zhou

An explicit correspondence is established between the Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP) and the metric function by directly relating the radiation temperature function modified by EUP to the modified spacetime metric. Utilising this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Hai-Long Zhen , Jian-Hua Shi , Huai-Fan Li , Yu-Bo Ma

This work devotes to investigate the dynamical emergence of black hole shadow from gravitational lensing in dynamical spacetime by using the collapsing boson star. Two characterized scenarios are adopted with or without considering the time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-19 Yu-Peng Zhang , Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu

We give a brief review on the formation and the calculation of black hole shadow. Firstly, we introduce the conception of black hole shadow and the current works on a variety of black hole shadows. Secondly, we present main methods of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-11 Mingzhi Wang , Songbai Chen , Jiliang Jing

Black hole photon spheres or light rings are closely linked to astronomical phenomena, such as the gravitational waves and the shadow in spherically symmetric or axi-symmetric spacetime. In Cunha and Herdeiro [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 181101…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-16 Shao-Wen Wei

In asymptotically flat spacetimes, bearing the null geodesics reaching the future null infinity in mind, we propose new concepts, the "dark horizons" as generalizations of the photon sphere. They are defined in terms of the structure of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-28 Masaya Amo , Keisuke Izumi , Hirotaka Yoshino , Yoshimune Tomikawa , Tetsuya Shiromizu

Utilizing concepts from dynamical systems theory, we demonstrate how the existence of light rings, or fixed points, in a spacetime will give rise to families of periodic orbits and invariant manifolds in phase space. It is shown that these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-02 Jai Grover , Alexander Wittig

We compare shadows cast by Schwarzschild black holes with those produced by two classes of naked singularities that result from gravitational collapse of spherically symmetric matter. The latter models consist of an interior naked…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-31 Rajibul Shaikh , Prashant Kocherlakota , Ramesh Narayan , Pankaj S. Joshi

The black hole shadow is fundamentally connected to the structure of light rings and the photon region in the background geometry. We investigate the photon region boundary in a generic asymptotically flat, stationary, axisymmetric black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Prasad Padhye , Kajol Paithankar , Sanved Kolekar

The equations for the photon surface in spherical symmetry are worked out, starting from arXiv:gr-qc/0005050, in the most general dynamical setting. We show that the condition for a timelike hypersurface to be a photon surface can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-06 Roberto Giambò , Camilla Lucamarini

Black hole shadows are a widespread topic in astrophysics. This paper searches for an optical view of the black hole and the relationship between black hole shadow and photon sphere with curvature. We were inspired by the observations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-26 Ajay Kumar Sharma , Kanav Ganguly , Murli Manohar Verma

We investigate the shadows and photon spheres of the four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole with the static and infalling spherical accretions. We show that for both cases, the shadow and photon sphere are always present. The radii of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-28 Xiao-Xiong Zeng , Hai-Qing Zhang , Hongbao Zhang

The photon sphere, a hypersurface of circular null geodesics, plays a fundamental role in characterizing black hole spacetimes, influencing phenomena such as black hole shadows, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes. While universal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-25 Yong Song , Jiaqi Fu , Yiting Cen

For a static and spherically symmetric black hole, a photon sphere is composed of circular null geodesics of fixed radius, and plays an important role in observing the black hole. Recently, in an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 Guangzhou Guo , Peng Wang , Houwen Wu , Haitang Yang

In this study, we examine the phenomenon of photon axion conversion occurring in the spacetime surrounding a black hole. Specifically, we focus on the potential existence of a magnetic field around the supermassive black hole M87*, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-28 Sourov Roy , Pratick Sarkar , Subhadip Sau , Soumitra SenGupta

We show that the notion of a black hole mass could be superceded by that of a topological charge in a spacetime without matter and curvature singularity. This feature emerges through a set new spacetime solutions of first order gravity in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-06 Sandipan Sengupta