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Simulation-to-real transfer is an important strategy for making reinforcement learning practical with real robots. Successful sim-to-real transfer systems have difficulty producing policies which generalize across tasks, despite training…

The paper presents a complete pipeline for learning continuous motion control policies for a mobile robot when only a non-differentiable physics simulator of robot-terrain interactions is available. The multi-modal state estimation of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Martin Pecka , Karel Zimmermann , Matěj Petrlík , Tomáš Svoboda

Simulation-based reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly advanced humanoid locomotion tasks, yet direct real-world RL from scratch or adapting from pretrained policies remains rare, limiting the full potential of humanoid robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaizhe Hu , Haochen Shi , Yao He , Weizhuo Wang , C. Karen Liu , Shuran Song

Sample complexity and safety are major challenges when learning policies with reinforcement learning for real-world tasks, especially when the policies are represented using rich function approximators like deep neural networks. Model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Aravind Rajeswaran , Sarvjeet Ghotra , Balaraman Ravindran , Sergey Levine

Learning effective visuomotor policies for robots purely from data is challenging, but also appealing since a learning-based system should not require manual tuning or calibration. In the case of a robot operating in a real environment the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Homanga Bharadhwaj , Zihan Wang , Yoshua Bengio , Liam Paull

The emerging integration of robots into everyday life brings several major challenges. Compared to classical industrial applications, more flexibility is needed in combination with real-time reactivity. Learning-based methods can train…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Thies Oelerich , Gerald Ebmer , Christian Hartl-Nesic , Andreas Kugi

Sim-to-real transfer remains a fundamental challenge in robot manipulation due to the entanglement of perception and control in end-to-end learning. We present a decoupled framework that learns each component where it is most reliable:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jialei Huang , Zhaoheng Yin , Yingdong Hu , Shuo Wang , Xingyu Lin , Yang Gao

The rise of deep learning has caused a paradigm shift in robotics research, favoring methods that require large amounts of data. Unfortunately, it is prohibitively expensive to generate such data sets on a physical platform. Therefore,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Fabio Muratore , Fabio Ramos , Greg Turk , Wenhao Yu , Michael Gienger , Jan Peters

Training control policies in simulation is more appealing than on real robots directly, as it allows for exploring diverse states in an efficient manner. Yet, robot simulators inevitably exhibit disparities from the real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Peide Huang , Xilun Zhang , Ziang Cao , Shiqi Liu , Mengdi Xu , Wenhao Ding , Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Ding Zhao

Simulation is used extensively in autonomous systems, particularly in robotic manipulation. By far, the most common approach is to train a controller in simulation, and then use it as an initial starting point for the real system. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-06 Shirli Di Castro Shashua , Dotan Di Castro , Shie Mannor

We explore sim-to-real transfer of deep reinforcement learning controllers for a heavy vehicle with active suspensions designed for traversing rough terrain. While related research primarily focuses on lightweight robots with electric…

Reinforcement learning often requires extensive training data. Simulation-to-real transfer offers a promising approach to address this challenge in robotics. While differentiable simulators offer improved sample efficiency through exact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Severin Bochem , Eduardo Gonzalez-Sanchez , Yves Bicker , Gabriele Fadini

Sim-to-real transfer of locomotion policies often leads to performance degradation due to the inevitable sim-to-real gap. Naively fine-tuning these policies directly on hardware is problematic, as it poses risks of mechanical failure and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Elham Daneshmand , Shafeef Omar , Glen Berseth , Majid Khadiv , Hsiu-Chin Lin

Imitation Learning uses the demonstrations of an expert to uncover the optimal policy and it is suitable for real-world robotics tasks as well. In this case, however, the training of the agent is carried out in a simulation environment due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Zoltán Lőrincz , Márton Szemenyei , Róbert Moni

Learning in simulation and transferring the learned policy to the real world has the potential to enable generalist robots. The key challenge of this approach is to address simulation-to-reality (sim-to-real) gaps. Previous methods often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yunfan Jiang , Chen Wang , Ruohan Zhang , Jiajun Wu , Li Fei-Fei

Computer simulation provides an automatic and safe way for training robotic control policies to achieve complex tasks such as locomotion. However, a policy trained in simulation usually does not transfer directly to the real hardware due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Wenhao Yu , C. Karen Liu , Greg Turk

For the task with complicated manipulation in unstructured environments, traditional hand-coded methods are ineffective, while reinforcement learning can provide more general and useful policy. Although the reinforcement learning is able to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Nan Lin , Linrui Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Zhenrui Chen , Yujun Zhu , Ruoxi Chen , Peichen Wu , Xiaoping Chen

This paper presents a safe imitation learning approach for autonomous vehicle driving, with attention on real-life human driving data and experimental validation. In order to increase occupant's acceptance and gain drivers' trust, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Mohsen Alirezaei , Herman Van der Auweraer , Tong Duy Son

Imitation learning is a promising paradigm for training robot agents; however, standard approaches typically require substantial data acquisition -- via numerous demonstrations or random exploration -- to ensure reliable performance.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hanbit Oh , Masaki Murooka , Tomohiro Motoda , Ryoichi Nakajo , Yukiyasu Domae

In order to mitigate the sample complexity of real-world reinforcement learning, common practice is to first train a policy in a simulator where samples are cheap, and then deploy this policy in the real world, with the hope that it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Andrew Wagenmaker , Kevin Huang , Liyiming Ke , Byron Boots , Kevin Jamieson , Abhishek Gupta