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Inspired by the inductive transfer learning on computer vision, many efforts have been made to train contextualized language models that boost the performance of natural language processing tasks. These models are mostly trained on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Shohreh Shaghaghian , Luna , Feng , Borna Jafarpour , Nicolai Pogrebnyakov

Legal judgment prediction suffers from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents becomes a challenging task, more so on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

One of the principal tasks of machine learning with major applications is text classification. This paper focuses on the legal domain and, in particular, on the classification of lengthy legal documents. The main challenge that this study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Lulu Wan , George Papageorgiou , Michael Seddon , Mirko Bernardoni

Unstructured data, especially text, continues to grow rapidly in various domains. In particular, in the financial sphere, there is a wealth of accumulated unstructured financial data, such as the textual disclosure documents that companies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Bolun "Namir" Xia , Vipula D. Rawte , Mohammed J. Zaki , Aparna Gupta

Learning argumentative writing is challenging. Besides writing fundamentals such as syntax and grammar, learners must select and arrange argument components meaningfully to create high-quality essays. To support argumentative writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Maja Stahl , Nadine Michel , Sebastian Kilsbach , Julian Schmidtke , Sara Rezat , Henning Wachsmuth

Despite the success of attention-based neural models for natural language generation and classification tasks, they are unable to capture the discourse structure of larger documents. We hypothesize that explicit discourse representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Fajri Koto , Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

US corporations regularly spend millions of dollars reviewing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, attorneys apply text classification to efficiently cull massive volumes of data to identify responsive documents for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Christian Mahoney , Peter Gronvall , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Jianping Zhang

Software systems must comply with legal regulations, which is a resource-intensive task, particularly for small organizations and startups lacking dedicated legal expertise. Extracting metadata from regulations to elicit legal requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anmol Singhal , Travis Breaux

This paper proposes a knowledge-based legal document assembly method that uses a machine-readable representation of knowledge of legal professionals. This knowledgebase has two components - the formal knowledge of legal norms represented as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Marko Marković , Stevan Gostojić

We present our method for tackling the legal case retrieval task of the Competition on Legal Information Extraction/Entailment 2019. Our approach is based on the idea that summarization is important for retrieval. On one hand, we adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Vu Tran , Minh Le Nguyen , Ken Satoh

Text segmentation is important for signaling a document's structure. Without segmenting a long document into topically coherent sections, it is difficult for readers to comprehend the text, let alone find important information. The problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Sangwoo Cho , Kaiqiang Song , Xiaoyang Wang , Fei Liu , Dong Yu

When speaking or writing, people omit information that seems clear and evident, such that only part of the message is expressed in words. Especially in argumentative texts it is very common that (important) parts of the argument are implied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Maria Becker , Katharina Korfhage , Anette Frank

Legal case retrieval, which aims to find relevant cases for a query case, plays a core role in the intelligent legal system. Despite the success that pre-training has achieved in ad-hoc retrieval tasks, effective pre-training strategies for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Haitao Li , Qingyao Ai , Jia Chen , Qian Dong , Yueyue Wu , Yiqun Liu , Chong Chen , Qi Tian

Legal argument mining aims to identify and classify the functional components of judicial reasoning, such as facts, issues, rules, analysis, and conclusions. Progress in this area is limited by the lack of large-scale, high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Serene Wang , Lavanya Pobbathi , Haihua Chen

Analyzing how humans revise their writings is an interesting research question, not only from an educational perspective but also in terms of artificial intelligence. Better understanding of this process could facilitate many NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Omid Kashefi , Tazin Afrin , Meghan Dale , Christopher Olshefski , Amanda Godley , Diane Litman , Rebecca Hwa

Automatic legal judgment prediction and its explanation suffer from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufik Dkaki

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profoundly transformative effect on a number of fields and domains. However, their uptake in Law has proven more challenging due to the important issues of reliability and transparency. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Strahinja Klem , Noura Al Moubayed

Abstractive summarization has made significant strides in condensing and rephrasing large volumes of text into coherent summaries. However, summarizing administrative documents presents unique challenges due to domain-specific terminology,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Phan Phuong Mai Chau , Souhail Bakkali , Antoine Doucet

Sentence-by-sentence information extraction from long documents is an exhausting and error-prone task. As the indicator of document skeleton, catalogs naturally chunk documents into segments and provide informative cascade semantics, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Tong Zhu , Guoliang Zhang , Zechang Li , Zijian Yu , Junfei Ren , Mengsong Wu , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai , Pingfu Chao , Wenliang Chen

Legal precedent retrieval is a cornerstone of the common law system, governed by the principle of stare decisis, which demands consistency in judicial decisions. However, the growing complexity and volume of legal documents challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Shubham Kumar Nigam , Tanmay Dubey , Noel Shallum , Arnab Bhattacharya