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We provide the differential equations that generalize the Newtonian N-body problem of celestial mechanics to spaces of constant Gaussian curvature, k, for all k real. In previous studies, the equations of motion made sense only for k…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Florin Diacu

Towards the end of nineteenth century, Celestial Mechanics provided the most powerful tools to test Newtonian gravity in the solar system, and led also to the discovery of chaos in modern science. Nowadays, in light of general relativity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-18 Emmanuele Battista , Giampiero Esposito , Simone Dell'Agnello

One of the oldest problems in physics is that of calculating the motion of $N$ particles under a specified mutual force: the $N$-body problem. Much is known about this problem if the specified force is non-relativistic gravity, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-10 Robert B. Mann

The three-body problem, which describes three masses interacting through Newtonian gravity without any restrictions imposed on the initial positions and velocities of these masses, has attracted the attention of many scientists for more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-11 Z. E. Musielak , B. Quarles

Our idea is to imitate Smale's list of problems, in a restricted domain of mathematical aspects of Celestial Mechanics. All the problems are on the n-body problem, some with different homogeneity of the potential, addressing many aspects…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-05-15 Alain Albouy , Hildeberto E. Cabral , Alan A. Santos

We consider the two-body problem in post-Newtonian approximations of general relativity. We report the recent results concerning the equations of motion, and the associated Lagrangian formulation, of compact binary systems, at the third…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Luc Blanchet

The relativistic 2-body problem, much like the non-relativistic one, is reduced to describing the motion of an effective particle in an external field. The concept of a relativistic reduced mass and effective particle energy introduced some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 P. P. Fiziev , I. T. Todorov

We pose several questions for the classical N-body problem inspired by connections between the virial equation and the Jacobi-Maupertuis formulationof mechanics. We answer some.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Richard Montgomery

We discuss the relation between the output of Newtonian N-body simulations on scales that approach or exceed the particle horizon to the description of General Relativity. At leading order, the Zeldovich approximation is correct on large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-27 Cornelius Rampf , Gerasimos Rigopoulos , Wessel Valkenburg

Cosmological N-body simulations are done on massively parallel computers. This necessitates the use of simple time integrators, and, additionally, of mesh-grid approximations of the potentials. Recently, Adamek et al. (2015);…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Jean-Pierre Eckmann , Farbod Hassani

This work discusses the main analogies and differences between the deterministic approach underlying most cosmological N-body simulations and the probabilistic interpretation of the problem that is often considered in mathematics and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-03 Mario Romero , Yago Ascasibar

Let a number, N, of particles interact classically through Newton's Laws of Motion and Newton's inverse square Law of Gravitation. The resulting equations of motion provide an approximate mathematical model with numerous applications in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Douglas C. Heggie

Motivated by experimental probes of general relativity, we adopt methods from perturbative (quantum) field theory to compute, up to certain integrals, the effective lagrangian for its n-body problem. Perturbation theory is performed about a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-12 Yi-Zen Chu

This study presents a general alternative scheme of the procedure and necessary conditions for solving the $n$-body problem. The presented solution is not a solution of the classical problem, where the initial conditions of positions and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Pawel Wojda

We present a new approach to describe the dynamics of an isolated, gravitationally bound astronomical $N$-body system in the weak field and slow-motion approximation of the general theory of relativity. Celestial bodies are described using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-30 Slava G. Turyshev , Viktor T. Toth

We revisit the relativistic restricted two-body problem with spin employing a perturbation scheme based on Lie series. Starting from a post-Newtonian expansion of the field equations, we develop a first-order secular theory that reproduces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-14 Francesco Biscani , Sante Carloni

We present a framework for general relativistic N-body simulations in the regime of weak gravitational fields. In this approach, Einstein's equations are expanded in terms of metric perturbations about a Friedmann-Lema\^itre background,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Julian Adamek , Ruth Durrer , Martin Kunz

The $N$-body problem is of historical significance because it was the first implementation of the Newtonian dynamical laws for the description of our Solar System. Motivated by this, the project's goal is to revisit this problem for small…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Achilleas Mavrakis , Konstantinos Kritos

We study the field equations of extensions of General Relativity formulated within a metric-affine formalism setting torsion to zero (Palatini approach). We find that different (second-order) dynamical equations arise depending on whether…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-30 Gonzalo J. Olmo , D. Rubiera-Garcia

A modification to the vis-viva equation that accounts for general relativistic effects is introduced to enhance the accuracy of predictions of orbital motion and precession. The updated equation reduces to the traditional vis-viva equation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-17 Qi Peng , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki
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