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Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

One of the main important features of the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era is the correct evaluation and consideration of errors. In this paper, we analyze the main sources of errors in current (IBM) quantum computers and we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Unai Aseguinolaza , Nahual Sobrino , Gabriel Sobrino , Joaquim Jornet-Somoza , Juan Borge

Fault tolerant protocol assumes the application of error correction after every quantum gate. However, correcting errors is costly in terms of time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that quantum error correction can be applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Noise remains a fundamental challenge in quantum computing, significantly affecting pulse fidelity and overall circuit performance. This paper introduces an adaptive algorithm for pulse-level quantum error mitigation, designed to enhance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-27 William Aguilar-Calvo , Santiago Núñez-Corrales

We propose using variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) to simulate established quantum algorithms under realistic noise conditions, aiming to surpass the fidelity of theoretical circuits in noisy environments. Focusing on the Quantum…

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers require millions of qubits with low error rates. Since this technology is years ahead, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computation is receiving tremendous interest. In this setup, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 L. Domingo , G. Carlo , F. Borondo

Quantum computers will require encoding of quantum information to protect them from noise. Fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures illustrate how this might be done but have not yet shown a conclusive practical advantage. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-01 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

Noise remains one of the most significant challenges in the development of reliable and scalable quantum processors. While quantum error correction and mitigation techniques offer potential solutions, they are often limited by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Mathys Rennela , Harold Ollivier

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

In the current landscape of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, the inherent noise presents significant challenges to achieving high-fidelity long-range entanglement. Furthermore, this challenge is amplified by the limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Jean-Baptiste Waring , Christophe Pere , Sébastien Le Beux

Quantum error mitigation plays a crucial role in the current noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) era. As we advance towards achieving a practical quantum advantage in the near term, error mitigation emerges as an indispensable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Peiyi Li , Ji Liu , Alvin Gonzales , Zain Hamid Saleem , Huiyang Zhou , Paul Hovland

We present a modular error mitigation protocol for running $\mathsf{BQP}$ computations on a quantum computer with time-dependent noise. Utilising existing tools from quantum verification and measurement-based quantum computation, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Joseph Harris , Elham Kashefi

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

Quantum computers promise to outperform their classical counterparts at certain tasks. However, existing quantum devices are error-prone and restricted in size. Thus, effective compilation methods are crucial to exploit limited quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Moritz Stargalla , Friedrich Wagner

Quantum computers in practice today require strict memory constraints, where 2-qubit operations can only be performed between the qubits closest to each other in a graph structure. So a quantum circuit must undergo a transformation to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Anpeng Zhang , Xiutao Feng , Shengyuan Xu

Experiments conducted on open-access cloud-based IBM Quantum devices are presented for characterizing their fault tolerance using $[4,2,2]$-encoded gate sequences. Up to 100 logical gates are activated in the IBMQ Bogota and IBMQ Santiago…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Rosie Cane , Daryus Chandra , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum information is very fragile to environmentally and operationally induced imperfections. Therefore, the construction of practical quantum computers requires quantum error-correction techniques to protect quantum information. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Ming-Jie Liang , Tao Chen , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Modular quantum computing architectures require error correction schemes that remain effective in the presence of noisy inter-processor operations. As such, minimizing the number of such operations on logical circuits partitioned across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Bruno Avritzer , Nathan Sankary

Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers engender…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-29 Yuval R Sanders , Joel J Wallman , Barry C Sanders