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Humans can reason compositionally when presented with new tasks. Previous research shows that appropriate prompting techniques enable large language models (LLMs) to solve artificial compositional generalization tasks such as SCAN. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Andrew Drozdov , Nathanael Schärli , Ekin Akyürek , Nathan Scales , Xinying Song , Xinyun Chen , Olivier Bousquet , Denny Zhou

Despite achieving tremendous success, existing deep learning models have exposed limitations in compositional generalization, the capability to learn compositional rules and apply them to unseen cases in a systematic manner. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Xinyun Chen , Chen Liang , Adams Wei Yu , Dawn Song , Denny Zhou

Systematic compositionality is the ability to recombine meaningful units with regular and predictable outcomes, and it's seen as key to humans' capacity for generalization in language. Recent work has studied systematic compositionality in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 João Loula , Marco Baroni , Brenden M. Lake

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for many AI problems and exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. Compositional ability, solving unseen complex tasks that combine two or more simple tasks, is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhuoyan Xu , Zhenmei Shi , Yingyu Liang

A longstanding question in cognitive science concerns the learning mechanisms underlying compositionality in human cognition. Humans can infer the structured relationships (e.g., grammatical rules) implicit in their sensory observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jacob Russin , Roland Fernandez , Hamid Palangi , Eric Rosen , Nebojsa Jojic , Paul Smolensky , Jianfeng Gao

Compositional generalization (the ability to respond correctly to novel combinations of familiar components) is thought to be a cornerstone of intelligent behavior. Compositionally structured (e.g. disentangled) representations support this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Samuel Lippl , Kim Stachenfeld

To solve a new task from minimal experience, it is essential to effectively reuse knowledge from previous tasks, a problem known as meta-learning. Compositional solutions, where common elements of computation are flexibly recombined into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jacob J. W. Bakermans , Pablo Tano , Reidar Riveland , Charles Findling , Alexandre Pouget

While LLMs have emerged as performant architectures for reasoning tasks, their compositional generalization capabilities have been questioned. In this work, we introduce a Compositional Generalization Challenge for Graph-based Commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xiyan Fu , Anette Frank

Compositional generalization is a basic mechanism in human language learning, which current neural networks struggle with. A recently proposed Disentangled sequence-to-sequence model (Dangle) shows promising generalization capability by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hao Zheng , Mirella Lapata

The extent to which neural networks are able to acquire and represent symbolic rules remains a key topic of research and debate. Much current work focuses on the impressive capabilities of large language models, as well as their often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Anna Langedijk , Jaap Jumelet , Willem Zuidema

Modern generative models exhibit unprecedented capabilities to generate extremely realistic data. However, given the inherent compositionality of the real world, reliable use of these models in practical applications requires that they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maya Okawa , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

Natural language is characterized by compositionality: the meaning of a complex expression is constructed from the meanings of its constituent parts. To facilitate the evaluation of the compositional abilities of language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Najoung Kim , Tal Linzen

Recent diagnostic datasets on compositional generalization, such as SCAN (Lake and Baroni, 2018) and COGS (Kim and Linzen, 2020), expose severe problems in models trained from scratch on these datasets. However, in contrast to this poor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Xiang Zhou , Yichen Jiang , Mohit Bansal

Neural networks can be powerful function approximators, which are able to model high-dimensional feature distributions from a subset of examples drawn from the target distribution. Naturally, they perform well at generalizing within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Aaron Eisermann , Jae Hee Lee , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

Compositional and relational learning is a hallmark of human intelligence, but one which presents challenges for neural models. One difficulty in the development of such models is the lack of benchmarks with clear compositional and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Tim Klinger , Dhaval Adjodah , Vincent Marois , Josh Joseph , Matthew Riemer , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland , Murray Campbell

The predominant knowledge-based approach to automated model construction, compositional modelling, employs a set of models of particular functional components. Its inference mechanism takes a scenario describing the constituent interacting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 J. Keppens , Q. Shen

Standard methods in deep learning for natural language processing fail to capture the compositional structure of human language that allows for systematic generalization outside of the training distribution. However, human learners readily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Jake Russin , Jason Jo , Randall C. O'Reilly , Yoshua Bengio

Machine learning models such as Transformers or LSTMs struggle with tasks that are compositional in nature such as those involving reasoning/inference. Although many datasets exist to evaluate compositional generalization, when it comes to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Santiago Ontanon , Joshua Ainslie , Vaclav Cvicek , Zachary Fisher

When writing programs, people have the ability to tackle a new complex task by decomposing it into smaller and more familiar subtasks. While it is difficult to measure whether neural program synthesis methods have similar capabilities, what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Joey Hong , Manzil Zaheer , Pengcheng Yin , Charles Sutton

Transformers can under some circumstances generalize to novel problem instances whose constituent parts might have been encountered during training, but whose compositions have not. What mechanisms underlie this ability for compositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Simon Schug , Seijin Kobayashi , Yassir Akram , João Sacramento , Razvan Pascanu