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Graph convolutions have been a pivotal element in learning graph representations. However, recursively aggregating neighboring information with graph convolutions leads to indistinguishable node features in deep layers, which is known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jialin Chen , Yuelin Wang , Cristian Bodnar , Rex Ying , Pietro Lio , Yu Guang Wang

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) is the building block of graph foundation models, but fundamentally suffer from oversmoothing and oversquashing. There has recently been a surge of interest in fixing both issues. Existing efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Li Sun , Zhenhao Huang , Ming Zhang , Philip S. Yu

Graph convolutional networks are a popular class of deep neural network algorithms which have shown success in a number of relational learning tasks. Despite their success, graph convolutional networks exhibit a number of peculiar features,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Thomas Gebhart

Despite Graph neural networks' significant performance gain over many classic techniques in various graph-related downstream tasks, their successes are restricted in shallow models due to over-smoothness and the difficulties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jin Li , Qirong Zhang , Shuling Xu , Xinlong Chen , Longkun Guo , Yang-Geng Fu

Overparameterized neural networks enjoy great representation power on complex data, and more importantly yield sufficiently smooth output, which is crucial to their generalization and robustness. Most existing function approximation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-10 Hao Liu , Minshuo Chen , Siawpeng Er , Wenjing Liao , Tong Zhang , Tuo Zhao

Graph Neural Network (GNN) resembles the diffusion process, leading to the over-smoothing of learned representations when stacking many layers. Hence, the reverse process of message passing can produce the distinguishable node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-12 MoonJeong Park , Jaeseung Heo , Dongwoo Kim

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved success in various inference tasks on graph-structured data. However, common challenges faced by many GNNs in the literature include the problem of graph node embedding under various geometries and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Qiyu Kang , Kai Zhao , Yang Song , Sijie Wang , Rui She , Wee Peng Tay

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse graph-based tasks by leveraging message passing to capture complex node relationships. However, on large-scale real-world graphs, GNNs face two major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiang Li , Jianpeng Qi , Haobing Liu , Yuan Cao , Guoqing Chao , Zhongying Zhao , Junyu Dong , Xinwang Liu , Yanwei Yu

Collaborative filtering methods based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have witnessed significant success in recommender systems (RS), capitalizing on their ability to capture collaborative signals within intricate user-item relationships…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Wei Wu , Chao Wang , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Liyi Chen , Hui Xiong

We study the problem of semi-supervised learning on graphs, for which graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively explored. However, most existing GNNs inherently suffer from the limitations of over-smoothing, non-robustness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Wenzheng Feng , Jie Zhang , Yuxiao Dong , Yu Han , Huanbo Luan , Qian Xu , Qiang Yang , Evgeny Kharlamov , Jie Tang

In the current era of neural networks and big data, higher dimensional data is processed for automation of different application areas. Graphs represent a complex data organization in which dependencies between more than one object or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Ihsan Ullah , Mario Manzo , Mitul Shah , Michael Madden

A common issue in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is known as over-smoothing. By increasing the number of iterations within the message-passing of GNNs, the nodes' representations of the input graph align with each other and become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Christian M. M. Frey , Yunpu Ma , Matthias Schubert

After a renaissance phase in which researchers revisited the message-passing paradigm through the lens of deep learning, the graph machine learning community shifted its attention towards a deeper and practical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Adrian Arnaiz-Rodriguez , Federico Errica

Due to the over-smoothing issue, most existing graph neural networks can only capture limited dependencies with their inherently finite aggregation layers. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new kind of graph convolution, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Qi Chen , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang , Jiansheng Yang , Zhouchen Lin

Recently, many researchers have been focusing on the definition of neural networks for graphs. The basic component for many of these approaches remains the graph convolution idea proposed almost a decade ago. In this paper, we extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Dinh Van Tran , Nicolò Navarin , Alessandro Sperduti

In this work, we generalize the ideas of Kaiming initialization to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and propose a new scheme (G-Init) that reduces oversmoothing, leading to very good results in node and graph classification tasks. GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dimitrios Kelesis , Dimitris Fotakis , Georgios Paliouras

Transformer-based models have recently become wildly successful across a diverse set of domains. At the same time, recent work has shown empirically and theoretically that Transformers are inherently limited. Specifically, they argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Gbètondji J-S Dovonon , Michael M. Bronstein , Matt J. Kusner

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across various real-world domains. Nevertheless, they suffer from oversquashing, where long-range information is distorted as it is compressed through limited message-passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Tanvir Hossain , Muhammad Ifte Khairul Islam , Lilia Chebbah , Charles Fanning , Esra Akbas

Graph neural networks are increasingly becoming the go-to approach in various fields such as computer vision, computational biology and chemistry, where data are naturally explained by graphs. However, unlike traditional convolutional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber , Eran Treister

Despite the growing popularity of graph attention mechanisms, their theoretical understanding remains limited. This paper aims to explore the conditions under which these mechanisms are effective in node classification tasks through the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhongtian Ma , Qiaosheng Zhang , Bocheng Zhou , Yexin Zhang , Shuyue Hu , Zhen Wang