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Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful and effective for processing sequential data. However, RNNs are usually considered "black box" models whose internal structure and learned parameters are not interpretable. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-23 Scott Wisdom , Thomas Powers , James Pitton , Les Atlas

In this work we use a framework of finite-state automata constructions based on equivalences over words to provide new insights on the relation between well-known methods for computing the minimal deterministic automaton of a language.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Pierre Ganty , Elena Gutiérrez , Pedro Valero

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is sample-efficient but depends on the accuracy of the learned dynamics, which are often modeled using black-box methods that do not adhere to physical laws. Those methods tend to produce inaccurate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shreya Das , Kundan Kumar , Muhammad Iqbal , Outi Savolainen , Dominik Baumann , Laura Ruotsalainen , Simo Särkkä

Deep neural networks, (DNNs, a.k.a. NNs), have been widely used in various tasks and have been proven to be successful. However, the accompanied expensive computing and storage costs make the deployments in resource-constrained devices a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ye Tao , Wanwei Liu , Fu Song , Zhen Liang , Ji Wang , Hongxu Zhu

Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) represent regular languages concisely, increasing their appeal for applications such as word recognition. This paper proposes a new approach to generate NFA from an interaction language such as UML…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

This paper proposes a new method for interpreting and simplifying a black box model of a deep random forest (RF) using a proposed rule elimination. In deep RF, a large number of decision trees are connected to multiple layers, thereby…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Sangwon Kim , Mira Jeong , Byoung Chul Ko

State-space models (SSMs) and transformers dominate the language modeling landscape. However, they are constrained to a lower computational complexity than classical recurrent neural networks (RNNs), limiting their expressivity. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mark Schöne , Babak Rahmani , Heiner Kremer , Fabian Falck , Hitesh Ballani , Jannes Gladrow

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is limited in practice by its gray-box nature, which is responsible for insufficient trustiness from users, unsatisfied interpretation for human intervention, inadequate analysis for future improvement, etc. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Wenjie Lu , Dikai Liu

The recurrent neural network-transducer (RNNT) is a promising approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) with the introduction of a prediction network that autoregressively considers linguistic aspects. To train the autoregressive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 Takafumi Moriya , Takanori Ashihara , Hiroshi Sato , Kohei Matsuura , Tomohiro Tanaka , Ryo Masumura

The standard recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) generates sentences one word at a time and does not work from an explicit global sentence representation. In this work, we introduce and study an RNN-based variational autoencoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Samuel R. Bowman , Luke Vilnis , Oriol Vinyals , Andrew M. Dai , Rafal Jozefowicz , Samy Bengio

Can we take a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained to translate between languages and augment it to support a new natural language without retraining the model from scratch? Can we fix the faulty behavior of the RNN by replacing portions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sayem Mohammad Imtiaz , Fraol Batole , Astha Singh , Rangeet Pan , Breno Dantas Cruz , Hridesh Rajan

Artificial neural networks have been successfully applied to a variety of business application problems involving classification and regression. Although backpropagation neural networks generally predict better than decision trees do for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2010-09-28 S. M. Kamruzzaman , Ahmed Ryadh Hasan

Large language models are strong sequence predictors, yet standard inference relies on immutable context histories. After making an error at generation step t, the model lacks an updatable memory mechanism that improves predictions for step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxing Lu , J. Ben Tamo , Weichen Zhao , Nan Sun , Yishan Zhong , Wenqi Shi , Jinzhuo Wang , May D. Wang

The most common tools for word-alignment rely on a large amount of parallel sentences, which are then usually processed according to one of the IBM model algorithms. The training data is, however, the same as for machine translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Vilém Zouhar , Daria Pylypenko

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) represent the de facto standard machine learning tool for sequence modelling, owing to their expressive power and memory. However, when dealing with large dimensional data, the corresponding exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Yao Lei Xu , Giuseppe G. Calvi , Danilo P. Mandic

Static subword tokenization algorithms have been an essential component of recent works on language modeling. However, their static nature results in important flaws that degrade the models' downstream performance and robustness. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Nathan Godey , Roman Castagné , Éric de la Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

In this paper, we consider several compression techniques for the language modeling problem based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs). It is known that conventional RNNs, e.g, LSTM-based networks in language modeling, are characterized with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-09 Artem M. Grachev , Dmitry I. Ignatov , Andrey V. Savchenko

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are useful in temporal sequence tasks. However, training RNNs involves dense matrix multiplications which require hardware that can support a large number of arithmetic operations and memory accesses.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xi Chen , Chang Gao , Zuowen Wang , Longbiao Cheng , Sheng Zhou , Shih-Chii Liu , Tobi Delbruck

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), serve as a fundamental building block for many sequence learning tasks, including machine translation, language modeling, and question answering. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Stephen Merity , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Richard Socher

Seq2seq models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the domain of Semantic Parsing for Question Answering. While in principle they can be trained directly on pairs (natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Chunyang Xiao , Marc Dymetman , Claire Gardent