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Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) has made significant strides in single-agent settings, but has not been studied for multi-agent frameworks. On the other hand, modeling cooperation between multiple agents, specifically,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Siddhant Bhambri , Mudit Verma , Upasana Biswas , Anil Murthy , Subbarao Kambhampati

As machine learning agents act more autonomously in the world, they will increasingly interact with each other. Unfortunately, in many social dilemmas like the one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma, standard game theory predicts that ML agents will…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Caspar Oesterheld , Johannes Treutlein , Roger Grosse , Vincent Conitzer , Jakob Foerster

Current deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are still highly task-specific and lack the ability to generalize to new environments. Lifelong learning (LLL), however, aims at solving multiple tasks sequentially by efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Hadi Nekoei , Akilesh Badrinaaraayanan , Aaron Courville , Sarath Chandar

As AI usage becomes more prevalent in social contexts, understanding agent-user interaction is critical to designing systems that improve both individual and group outcomes. We present an online behavioral experiment (N = 243) in which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kehang Zhu , Nithum Thain , Vivian Tsai , James Wexler , Crystal Qian

The threat of algorithmic collusion, and whether it merits regulatory intervention, remains debated, as existing evaluations of its emergence often rely on long learning horizons, assumptions about counterparty rationality in adopting…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuhong Luo , Daniel Schoepflin , Xintong Wang

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

Generative AI is increasingly transforming creativity into a hybrid human-artificial process, but its impact on the quality and diversity of creative output remains unclear. We study collective creativity using a controlled word-guessing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Chenyi Li , Raja Marjieh , Haoyu Hu , Mark Steyvers , Katherine M. Collins , Ilia Sucholutsky , Nori Jacoby

Artificially intelligent agents deployed in the real-world will require the ability to reliably \textit{cooperate} with humans (as well as other, heterogeneous AI agents). To provide formal guarantees of successful cooperation, we must make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Robert Loftin , Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Mustafa Mert Çelikok

Discovering successful coordinated behaviors is a central challenge in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) since it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Ammar Fayad , Majd Ibrahim

Learning to control an environment without hand-crafted rewards or expert data remains challenging and is at the frontier of reinforcement learning research. We present an unsupervised learning algorithm to train agents to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 David Warde-Farley , Tom Van de Wiele , Tejas Kulkarni , Catalin Ionescu , Steven Hansen , Volodymyr Mnih

Autonomous artificial agents must be able to learn behaviors in complex environments without humans to design tasks and rewards. Designing these functions for each environment is not feasible, thus, motivating the development of intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Alana Santana , Paula P. Costa , Esther L. Colombini

Self-play constitutes a fundamental paradigm for autonomous skill acquisition, whereby agents iteratively enhance their capabilities through self-directed environmental exploration. Conventional self-play frameworks exploit agent symmetry…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Manjie Xu , Xinyi Yang , Jiayu Zhan , Wei Liang , Chi Zhang , Yixin Zhu

In multi-agent problems requiring a high degree of cooperation, success often depends on the ability of the agents to adapt to each other's behavior. A natural solution concept in such settings is the Stackelberg equilibrium, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Loftin , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Herke van Hoof , Samuel Kaski , Frans A. Oliehoek

We study techniques to incentivize self-interested agents to form socially desirable solutions in scenarios where they benefit from mutual coordination. Towards this end, we consider coordination games where agents have different intrinsic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Elliot Anshelevich , Shreyas Sekar

Mutual adaptation is a central challenge in human--AI teaming, as humans naturally adjust their strategies in response to a robot's policy. Existing approaches aim to improve diversity in training partners to approximate human behavior, but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Upasana Biswas , Durgesh Kalwar , Subbarao Kambhampati , Sarath Sreedharan

To make AI systems broadly useful for challenging real-world tasks, we need them to learn complex human goals and preferences. One approach to specifying complex goals asks humans to judge during training which agent behaviors are safe and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-23 Geoffrey Irving , Paul Christiano , Dario Amodei

As modern video games become increasingly complex, traditional manual testing methods are proving costly and inefficient, limiting the ability to ensure high-quality game experiences. While advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) offer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Boran Zhang , Muhan Xu , Zhijun Pan

Hanabi is a cooperative game that challenges exist-ing AI techniques due to its focus on modeling the mental states ofother players to interpret and predict their behavior. While thereare agents that can achieve near-perfect scores in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Rodrigo Canaan , Xianbo Gao , Youjin Chung , Julian Togelius , Andy Nealen , Stefan Menzel

The positive impact of cooperative bots on cooperation within evolutionary game theory is well documented; however, existing studies have predominantly used discrete strategic frameworks, focusing on deterministic actions with a fixed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-24 Zehua Si , Zhixue He , Chen Shen , Jun Tanimoto

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has recently emerged as a significant area of research. However, MARL evaluation often lacks systematic diversity, hindering a comprehensive understanding of algorithms' capabilities. In particular,…