Related papers: The kilogram: inertial or gravitational mass?
A Kibble balance measures the $gravitational$ mass (weight) of a test mass with extreme precision by balancing the gravitational pull on the test mass against the electromagnetic lift force. The uncertainty in such mass measurement is…
Fixing the value of Avogadro's constant, the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, at exactly 84446886^3 would imply that one gram is the mass of exactly 18x14074481^3 carbon-12 atoms. This new definition of the gram, and thereby also…
We consider a recent proposal [1] to redefine the kilogram in terms of natural constants. In our opinion, the main objective of the redefinition should be to build such a version of the SI system in which the electric measurements are…
In this article the concept of mass is analyzed based on the special and general relativity theories and particle (quantum) physics. The mass of a particle (m=E(0)/c^2) is determined by the minimum (rest) energy to create that particle…
The cosmological constant combined with Planck's constant and the speed of light implies a quantum of mass of approximately 2 x 10^{-65}g. This follows either from a generic dimensional analysis, or from a specific analysis where the…
The physical property of mass has two distinct aspects, gravitational mass and inertial mass. The weight of a particle depends on its gravitational mass. According to the weak form of the equivalence principle, the gravitational and…
For over a century the definitions of mass and derivations of its relation with energy continue to be elaborated, demonstrating that the concept of mass is still not satisfactorily understood. The aim of this study is to show that, starting…
A global effort to redefine our International System of Units (SI) is underway and the change to the new system is expected to occur in 2018. Within the newly redefined SI, the present base units will still exist but be derived from fixed…
We introduce the concept of quantum weight as a fundamental property of insulating states of matter that is encoded in the ground-state static structure and measures quantum fluctuation in electrons' center of mass. We find a sum rule that…
This article reviews several recent proposed redefinitions of the kilogram, and compares them with respect to practical realizations, uncertainties (estimated standard deviations), and educational aspects.
The Planck constant, with its mathematical symbol $h$, is a fundamental constant in quantum mechanics that is associated with the quantization of light and matter. It is also of fundamental importance to metrology, such as the definition of…
We discuss the role of fundamental constants and measurement data for the Planck, Avogadro and Boltzmann constants and the elementary electric charge in connection with the planned transition to new definitions of four base SI units (the…
A precision measurement of the gravitational constant $G$ has been made using a beam balance. Special attention has been given to determining the calibration, the effect of a possible nonlinearity of the balance and the zero-point variation…
On the basis of the relativistic mass-energy concept we found that a proper mass of a test particle in a gravitational field depends on a potential energy, hence, a freely falling particle has a varying proper mass. Consequently, a…
I will argue that the inertial mass is greater than the gravitational mass for all objects which are held together primarily by gravitational forces. Thus, for celestial objects, like planets, stars and galaxies, their inertial mass is…
We consider an unexplored aspect of the mass equivalence principle in the quantum realm, its connection with atomic stability. We show that if the gravitational mass were different from the inertial one, a Hydrogen atom placed in a constant…
The Avogadro constant links the atomic and the macroscopic properties of matter. Since the molar Planck constant is well known via the measurement of the Rydberg constant, it is also closely related to the Planck constant. In addition, its…
The revised International System of Units (SI), expected to be approved late in 2018, has implications for physics pedagogy; the ampere definition which dates from 1948 will be replaced by a definition that fixes the numerical value of the…
The speed of gravity is an important universal constant. But, it has not been directly known with experiment or observation. The explanations for it are contradicted with each other. Here, it is presented that the interaction and…
About 300 experiments have tried to determine the value of the Newtonian gravitational constant, G, so far, but large discrepancies in the results have made it impossible to know its value precisely. The weakness of the gravitational…