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A variety of contextualised language models have been proposed in the NLP community, which are trained on diverse corpora to produce numerous Neural Language Models (NLMs). However, different NLMs have reported different levels of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Keigo Takahashi , Danushka Bollegala

Sentence embeddings are an important component of many natural language processing (NLP) systems. Like word embeddings, sentence embeddings are typically learned on large text corpora and then transferred to various downstream tasks, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 John Giorgi , Osvald Nitski , Bo Wang , Gary Bader

Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations…

Recently, pretext-task based methods are proposed one after another in self-supervised video feature learning. Meanwhile, contrastive learning methods also yield good performance. Usually, new methods can beat previous ones as claimed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Li Tao , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Several prior studies have suggested that word frequency biases can cause the Bert model to learn indistinguishable sentence embeddings. Contrastive learning schemes such as SimCSE and ConSERT have already been adopted successfully in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Pu Miao , Zeyao Du , Junlin Zhang

Self-supervised sentence representation learning is the task of constructing an embedding space for sentences without relying on human annotation efforts. One straightforward approach is to finetune a pretrained language model (PLM) with a…

This paper presents a whitening-based contrastive learning method for sentence embedding learning (WhitenedCSE), which combines contrastive learning with a novel shuffled group whitening. Generally, contrastive learning pulls distortions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Wenjie Zhuo , Yifan Sun , Xiaohan Wang , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

The sequential recommendation aims at predicting the next items in user behaviors, which can be solved by characterizing item relationships in sequences. Due to the data sparsity and noise issues in sequences, a new self-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zhiwei Liu , Yongjun Chen , Jia Li , Man Luo , Philip S. Yu , Caiming Xiong

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in representation learning by minimizing the distance between positive pairs while maximizing that of negative ones. Recently, it has been verified that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jin-Young Kim , Soonwoo Kwon , Hyojun Go , Yunsung Lee , Seungtaek Choi , Hyun-Gyoon Kim

Following SimCSE, contrastive learning based methods have achieved the state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in learning sentence embeddings. However, the unsupervised contrastive learning methods still lag far behind the supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Wei Wang , Liangzhu Ge , Jingqiao Zhang , Cheng Yang

Contrastive learning is a promising approach to unsupervised learning, as it inherits the advantages of well-studied deep models without a dedicated and complex model design. In this paper, based on bidirectional encoder representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Haoxiang Shi , Cen Wang

Semantic representation learning for sentences is an important and well-studied problem in NLP. The current trend for this task involves training a Transformer-based sentence encoder through a contrastive objective with text, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Yiren Jian , Chongyang Gao , Soroush Vosoughi

Recent pre-trained language models (PLMs) achieved great success on many natural language processing tasks through learning linguistic features and contextualized sentence representation. Since attributes captured in stacked layers of PLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Dongsuk Oh , Yejin Kim , Hodong Lee , H. Howie Huang , Heuiseok Lim

Contrastive learning has shown effectiveness in improving sequential recommendation models. However, existing methods still face challenges in generating high-quality contrastive pairs: they either rely on random perturbations that corrupt…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ziqiang Cui , Yunpeng Weng , Xing Tang , Xiaokun Zhang , Shiwei Li , Peiyang Liu , Bowei He , Dugang Liu , Weihong Luo , Xiuqiang He , Chen Ma

The effectiveness of contrastive learning in sequential recommendation hinges on the construction of contrastive views, which ideally should be both semantically consistent and diverse. However, most existing CL-based methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wei Wang

Contrastive learning has been extensively studied in sentence embedding learning, which assumes that the embeddings of different views of the same sentence are closer. The constraint brought by this assumption is weak, and a good sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Xing Wu , Chaochen Gao , Zijia Lin , Jizhong Han , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

This paper presents SimCSE, a simple contrastive learning framework that greatly advances state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. We first describe an unsupervised approach, which takes an input sentence and predicts itself in a contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Tianyu Gao , Xingcheng Yao , Danqi Chen

Unsupervised sentence embeddings learning has been recently dominated by contrastive learning methods (e.g., SimCSE), which keep positive pairs similar and push negative pairs apart. The contrast operation aims to keep as much information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Shaobin Chen , Jie Zhou , Yuling Sun , Liang He

Universal cross-lingual sentence embeddings map semantically similar cross-lingual sentences into a shared embedding space. Aligning cross-lingual sentence embeddings usually requires supervised cross-lingual parallel sentences. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Yau-Shian Wang , Ashley Wu , Graham Neubig

Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer the relationship between the sentence pair (premise and hypothesis). Many recent works have used contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Shu'ang Li , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen