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Related papers: A Digital Calibration Source for 21cm Cosmology Te…

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Detecting neutral Hydrogen (H\,{\sc i}) via the 21~cm line emission from the intergalactic medium at $z\gtrsim 6$ has been identified as one of the most promising probes of the epoch of cosmic reionization -- a major phase transition of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-04 Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris Carilli , Bojan Nikolic

We present an end-to-end simulation and data-processing framework for digital beamforming experiments conducted with four stations of the 21 Centimeter Array (21CMA). Motivated by the need to characterize instrumental systematics, such as…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 Feiyu Zhao , Quan Guo , Junhua Gu , Qian Zheng , Yan Huang , Yun Yu

High precison calibration is essential for a new generation of radio interferometers looking for Epoch of Reionization and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation signatures in neutral hydrogen. These arrays have so far been calibrated by redundant…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-10 J. L. Sievers

Foreground mitigation remains a central challenge for 21 cm intensity mapping experiments, which require precise, wideband calibration of telescope beams and gains. We present the Precision Emitter for 21 cm Array Coherent Calibration…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Kalyani Bhopi , Morgan Cole , Mallory Helfenbein , Will Tyndall , Audrey Whitmer , Kevin Bandura , Laura Newburgh

Global 21cm cosmology aims to investigate the cosmic dawn and epoch of reionisation by measuring the sky averaged HI absorption signal, which requires, accurate modelling of, or correction for, the bright radio foregrounds and distortions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 Dominic Anstey , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Will Handley

We present wide-field imaging and polarimetry at 20GHz of seven of the most extended, bright (Stot >= 0.50 Jy), high-frequency selected radio sources in the southern sky with declinations < -30 deg. Accompanying the data are brief reviews…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-17 S. Burke-Spolaor , R. D. Ekers , M. Massardi , T. Murphy , B. Partridge , R. Ricci , E. M. Sadler

We study the impact of sky-based calibration errors from source mismodeling on 21\,cm power spectrum measurements with an interferometer and propose a method for suppressing their effects. While emission from faint sources that are not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Aaron Ewall-Wice , Joshua S. Dillon , Adrian Liu , Jacqueline Hewitt

The indirect detection of cosmic rays via the radio signal of extensive air showers is gaining a lot of ground. Many new arrays of radio antennas are under construction or in the phase of development. Calibrating these arrays is important…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-30 Max Büsken , Tomáš Fodran , Tim Huege

We present a filtering technique that can be applied to individual baselines of wide-bandwidth, wide-field interferometric data to geometrically select regions on the celestial sphere that contain primary calibration sources. The technique…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Aaron R. Parsons , Donald C. Backer

Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2-5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-20 Michael Pagano , Peter Sims , Adrian Liu , Dominic Anstey , Will Handley , Eloy De Lera Acedo

Growing interest in 21 cm tomography has led to the design and construction of broadband radio interferometers with low noise, moderate angular resolution, high spectral resolution, and wide fields of view. With characteristics somewhat…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-25 Adrian Liu , Max Tegmark , Scott Morrison , Andrew Lutomirski , Matias Zaldarriaga

Radio Interferometry is an essential method for astronomical observations. Self-calibration techniques have increased the quality of the radio astronomical observations (and hence the science) by orders of magnitude. Recently, there is a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-03 Sarod Yatawatta , Saleem Zaroubi , Ger de Bruyn , Leon Koopmans , Jan Noordam

Cosmic Microwave Background experiments need to measure polarization properties of the incoming radiation very accurately to achieve their scientific goals. As a result of that, it is necessary to properly characterize these instruments.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-18 Gabriele Coppi , Giulia Conenna , Sofia Savorgnano , Felipe Carrero , Rolando Dünner-Planella , Nicholas Galitzki , Federico Nati , Mario Zannoni

Calibrating out per-antenna signal chain effects is an essential step in analyzing radio interferometric data. For drift-scanning arrays, robustly calibrating the data is especially challenging due to the lack of the ability to track a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-09 Robert Pascua , Jonathan Sievers , Adrian Liu

Many astronomical questions require deep, wide-field observations at low radio frequencies. Phased arrays like LOFAR and SKA-low are designed for this, but have inherently unstable element gains, leading to time, frequency and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-28 S. A. Brackenhoff , A. R. Offringa , M. Mevius , L. V. E. Koopmans , J. K. Chege , E. Ceccotti , C. Höfer , L. Gao , S. Ghosh , F. G. Mertens , S. Munshi

Instruments for radio astronomical observations have come a long way. While the first telescopes were based on very large dishes and 2-antenna interferometers, current instruments consist of dozens of steerable dishes, whereas future…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Stefan J. Wijnholds , Sebastiaan van der Tol , Ronald Nijboer , Alle-Jan van der Veen

The observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen are a promising probe for understanding the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). One of the primary obstacles to the statistical detection of the Cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 Eeshan Beohar , Abhirup Datta , Anshuman Tripathi , Samit Kumar Pal , Rashmi Sagar

Radiometer experiments to detect 21-cm Hydrogen line emission from the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization rely upon precise absolute calibration. During calibration, noise generated by amplifiers within the radiometer receiver must be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-22 Danny C. Price , Cheuk-Yu Edward Tong , Adrian T. Sutinjo , Nipanjana Patra , Lincoln J. Greenhill

The development of new phased array systems in radio astronomy, as the low frequency array (LOFAR) and the square kilometre array (SKA), formed of a large number of small and flexible elementary antennas, has led to significant challenges.…

The redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, its detection requires a thorough understanding and control of the systematic errors. We study two systematic biases observed in…