Related papers: Velocity Gauge Potentials in Electrodynamics
Gauge invariance, a core principle in electrodynamics, has two separate meanings. One concept treats the photon as the gauge particle for electrodynamics. It is based on symmetries of the Lagrangian, and requires no mention of electric or…
The measurement of Standard Model processes tests the validity of the model at a given scale and is simultaneously sensitive to new physics through loop effects or interference with the Standard Model amplitudes. A variety of studies has…
The length gauge uses a scalar potential to describe a laser field, thus treating it as a longitudinal field rather than as a transverse field. This distinction is revealed in the fact that the Maxwell equations that relate to the length…
We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…
Scalar electrodynamics can be used to investigate the formation of cosmic strings in the early universe. We present the results of lattice Monte Carlo simulations of an effective three-dimensional U(1)+Higgs theory that describes the…
Gauge invariance was discovered in the development of classical electromagnetism and was required when the latter was formulated in terms of the scalar and vector potentials. It is now considered to be a fundamental principle of nature,…
In electromagnetic statics, the standard procedure to determine the electric scalar potential or magnetic vector potential in a bounded space is to solve Poisson's equation subject to certain boundary conditions. On the other hand, as a…
Vector displacements expressed in spherical coordinates are proposed. They correspond to electromagnetic fields in vacuum that globally rotate about an axis and display many circular patterns on the surface of a sphere. The fields basically…
Electric vector potential $\Theta(\boldsymbol{r})$ is a legitimate but rarely used tool to calculate the steady electric field in free-charge regions. Commonly, it is preferred to employ the scalar electric potential $\Phi(\boldsymbol{r})$…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
Galilean Electromagnetism was discovered thirty years ago by Levy-Leblond & Le Bellac. However, these authors only explored the consequences for the fields and not for the potentials. Following De Montigny & al., we show that the Coulomb…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
We develop some ideas about gauge symmetry in the context of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism in the Hamiltonian formalism. One great benefit of this formalism is that it pairs momentum and configurational degrees of freedom, so that a…
Maxwell-Lorenz theory describes only vortex electromagnetic processes. Potential component of the magnetic field is usually excluded by the introduction of mathematical terms: Coulomb and Lorenz gauges. Proposed approach to the construction…
We introduce the generalized Lorentz gauge condition in the theory of quantum electrodynamics into the general vector-tensor theories of gravity. Then we explore the cosmic evolution and the static, spherically symmetric solution of the…
We present an educational path on the magnetic vector potential A addressed to undergraduate students and to pre-service physics teachers. Starting from the generalized Ampere-Laplace law, in the framework of a slowly varying time-dependent…
Gauge theories can be described by assigning a vector space V(x) to each space time point x. A common set of complex numbers, C, is usually assumed to be the set of scalars for all the V{x}. This is expanded here to assign a separate set of…
We find relations between quantities defining geometry and quantities defining the length of a curve in geometries underlying Electromagnetism and unified model of Electromagnetism and Gravitation. We show that the length of a vector…
To describe charged particles interacting with the quantized electromagnetic field, we point out the differences of working in the so-called generalized and the true Coulomb gauges. We find an explicit gauge transformation between them for…
Multiple bases are presented for the conclusion that potentials are fundamental in electrodynamics, with electric and magnetic fields as quantities auxiliary to the scalar and vector potentials -- opposite to the conventional ordering. One…