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A method offering an order of magnitude sensitivity gain is described for using quasar spectra to investigate possible time or space variation in the fine structure constant, alpha. Applying the technique to a sample of 30 absorption…

In the second paper of this series we extend our Bayesian reanalysis of the evidence for a cosmic variation of the fine structure constant to the semi-parametric modelling regime. By adopting a mixture of Dirichlet processes prior for the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-12 Ewan Cameron , Tony Pettitt

Detecting or placing upper limits on spacetime variations of fundamental constants requires quantifying every potential source of uncertainty. We continue our previous study into the impact of continuum variations on measurements of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-02 John K. Webb , Chung-Chi Lee , Dinko Milaković , Darren Dougan , Vladimir A. Dzuba , Victor V. Flambaum

Exploring the possibility that fundamental constants of Nature might vary temporally or spatially constitutes one of the key science drivers for the European Southern Observatory's ESPRESSO spectrograph on the VLT and for the HIRES…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-21 Chung-Chi Lee , John K. Webb , R. F. Carswell , Dinko Milaković

We discuss the rigorous justification of the spatial discretization by means of Fourier spectral methods of quasilinear first-order hyperbolic systems. We provide uniform stability estimates that grant spectral convergence of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Vincent Duchêne , Johanna Ulvedal Marstrander

The brightest southern quasar above redshift $z=1$, HE 0515$-$4414, with its strong intervening metal absorption-line system at $z_{abs}=1.1508$, provides a unique opportunity to precisely measure or limit relative variations in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Srđan M. Kotuš , Michael T. Murphy , Robert F. Carswell

By measuring the fundamental constants in astrophysical objects one can test basic physical principles as space-time invariance of physical laws along with probing the applicability limits of the standard model of particle physics. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-07 S. A. Levshakov

This review article is devoted to application of precision molecular spectroscopy to studies of the possible spatial and temporal variations of the fundamental constants. Both astrophysical observations and laboratory experiments are…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-07-18 V. V. Flambaum , M. G. Kozlov

Previous, large samples of quasar absorption spectra have indicated some evidence for relative variations in the fine-structure constant ($\Delta\alpha/\alpha$) across the sky. However, they were likely affected by long-range distortions of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Michael T. Murphy , Kathy L. Cooksey

New observations of the quasar HE0515$-$4414 have been made using the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO 3.6m telescope, aided by the Laser Frequency Comb (LFC). We present three important advances for $\alpha$ measurements in quasar absorption…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-08 Dinko Milaković , Chung-Chi Lee , Robert F. Carswell , John K. Webb , Paolo Molaro , Luca Pasquini

We introduce and analyze the concept of space-spectrum uncertainty for certain commonly-used designs for spectrally programmable cameras. Our key finding states that, it is impossible to simultaneously capture high-resolution spatial images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-01 Vishwanath Saragadam , Aswin Sankaranarayanan

Large statistical samples of quasar spectra have previously indicated possible cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant, $\alpha$. A smaller sample of higher signal-to-noise ratio spectra, with dedicated calibration, would…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 T. M. Evans , M. T. Murphy , J. B. Whitmore , T. Misawa , M. Centurion , S. D'Odorico , S. Lopez , C. J. A. P. Martins , P. Molaro , P. Petitjean , H. Rahmani , R. Srianand , M. Wendt

The ultraspherical spectral method features high accuracy and fast solution. In this article, we determine the sources of error arising from the ultraspherical spectral method and derive its effective condition number, which explains why…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Lu Cheng , Kuan Xu

Accurate camera calibration is a precondition for many computer vision applications. Calibration errors, such as wrong model assumptions or imprecise parameter estimation, can deteriorate a system's overall performance, making the reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Annika Hagemann , Moritz Knorr , Holger Janssen , Christoph Stiller

Forthcoming large-scale surveys will soon attempt to measure cosmic shear to an unprecedented level of accuracy, requiring a similarly high level of accuracy in the shear measurements of galaxies. Factors such as pixelisation, imperfect…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Bryan R. Gillis , A. N. Taylor

The field of quantum sensing explores the use of quantum phenomena to measure a broad range of physical quantities, of both static and time-dependent types. An important figure of merit for sensing time dependent signals is the spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-05 Tuvia Gefen , Amit Rotem , Alex Retzker

Hyperspectral imaging has become a significant source of valuable data for astronomers over the past decades. Current instrumental and observing time constraints allow direct acquisition of multispectral images, with high spatial but low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Claire Guilloteau , Thomas Oberlin , Olivier Berné , Nicolas Dobigeon

Achieving high accuracy and precision in stellar parameter and chemical composition determinations is challenging in massive star spectroscopy. On one hand, the target selection for an unbiased sample build-up is complicated by several…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Maria-Fernanda Nieva , Norbert Przybilla

We summarize the attempts by our group and others to derive constraints on variations of fundamental constants over cosmic time using quasar absorption lines. Most upper limits reside in the range 0.5-1.5x10-5 at the 3sigma level over a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Patrick Petitjean , Raghunathan Srianand , Hum Chand , Alexander Ivanchik , Pasquier Noterdaeme , Neeraj Gupta

Spectroscopic measurements can show distorted spectral shapes arising from a mixture of absorbing and scattering contributions. These distortions (or baselines) often manifest themselves as non-constant offsets or low-frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Erik Andries , Ramin Nikzad-Langerodi