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Embedding models are crucial to modern NLP. However, the creation of the most effective models relies on carefully constructed supervised finetuning data. For high resource languages, such as English, such datasets are readily available.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Merve Basoz , Andrew Horne , Mattia Opper

Techniques for multi-lingual and cross-lingual speech recognition can help in low resource scenarios, to bootstrap systems and enable analysis of new languages and domains. End-to-end approaches, in particular sequence-based techniques, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Siddharth Dalmia , Ramon Sanabria , Florian Metze , Alan W. Black

The introduction of pre-trained transformer-based contextualized word embeddings has led to considerable improvements in the accuracy of graph-based parsers for frameworks such as Universal Dependencies (UD). However, previous works differ…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Stefan Grünewald , Annemarie Friedrich , Jonas Kuhn

Despite excellent results on benchmarks over a small subset of languages, large language models struggle to process text from languages situated in `lower-resource' scenarios such as dialects/sociolects (national or social varieties of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Aditya Joshi , Diptesh Kanojia , Heather Lent , Hour Kaing , Haiyue Song

Social bias in language models can potentially exacerbate social inequalities. Despite it having garnered wide attention, most research focuses on English data. In a low-resource scenario, the models often perform worse due to insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ej Zhou , Weiming Lu

The lack of publicly available evaluation data for low-resource languages limits progress in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU). As key tasks like intent classification and slot filling require abundant training data, it is desirable to…

In this paper, we propose efficient and less resource-intensive strategies for parsing of code-mixed data. These strategies are not constrained by in-domain annotations, rather they leverage pre-existing monolingual annotated resources for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Irshad Ahmad Bhat , Riyaz Ahmad Bhat , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Misra Sharma

Code-switching is a phenomenon of mixing grammatical structures of two or more languages under varied social constraints. The code-switching data differ so radically from the benchmark corpora used in NLP community that the application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Irshad Ahmad Bhat , Riyaz Ahmad Bhat , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Misra Sharma

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

While large language models excel on high-resource multilingual tasks, low- and extremely low-resource Indic languages remain severely under-evaluated. We present IndicParam, a human-curated benchmark of over 13,000 multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ayush Maheshwari , Kaushal Sharma , Vivek Patel , Aditya Maheshwari

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled impressive performance in various tasks. However, standard prompting often struggles to produce structurally valid and accurate outputs, especially in dependency parsing. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hiroshi Matsuda , Chunpeng Ma , Masayuki Asahara

Low-resource languages (LRLs) face significant challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to limited data. While current state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) still struggle with LRLs, smaller multilingual models (mLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Daniil Gurgurov , Ivan Vykopal , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

As language models have a greater impact on society, it is important to ensure they are aligned to a diverse range of perspectives and are able to reflect nuance in human values. However, the most popular training paradigms for modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chu Fei Luo , Samuel Dahan , Xiaodan Zhu

Recent research in multilingual language models (LM) has demonstrated their ability to effectively handle multiple languages in a single model. This holds promise for low web-resource languages (LRL) as multilingual models can enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Yash Khemchandani , Sarvesh Mehtani , Vaidehi Patil , Abhijeet Awasthi , Partha Talukdar , Sunita Sarawagi

Sentence-level embedding is essential for various tasks that require understanding natural language. Many studies have explored such embeddings for high-resource languages like English. However, low-resource languages like Bengali (a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Md. Mohibur Rahman Nabil , Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Khan

For machine translation, a vast majority of language pairs in the world are considered low-resource because they have little parallel data available. Besides the technical challenges of learning with limited supervision, it is difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Francisco Guzmán , Peng-Jen Chen , Myle Ott , Juan Pino , Guillaume Lample , Philipp Koehn , Vishrav Chaudhary , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Low-resource speech recognition has been long-suffering from insufficient training data. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages neighboring languages to improve low-resource scenario performance, founded on the hypothesis that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-02 Qianying Liu , Zhuo Gong , Zhengdong Yang , Yuhang Yang , Sheng Li , Chenchen Ding , Nobuaki Minematsu , Hao Huang , Fei Cheng , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

This paper addressed the problem of structured sentiment analysis using a bi-affine semantic dependency parser, large pre-trained language models, and publicly available translation models. For the monolingual setup, we considered: (i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Iago Alonso-Alonso , David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

Despite impressive empirical successes of neural machine translation (NMT) on standard benchmarks, limited parallel data impedes the application of NMT models to many language pairs. Data augmentation methods such as back-translation make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Junjie Hu , Graham Neubig