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Protein structure determination has long been one of the primary challenges of structural biology, to which deep machine learning (ML)-based approaches have increasingly been applied. However, these ML models generally do not incorporate…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Tom Pan , Evan Dramko , Mitchell D. Miller , Anastasios Kyrillidis , George N. Phillips

Weather forecasting centers currently rely on statistical postprocessing methods to minimize forecast error. This improves skill but can lead to predictions that violate physical principles or disregard dependencies between variables, which…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Francesco Zanetta , Daniele Nerini , Tom Beucler , Mark A. Liniger

Prediction of protein secondary structure from the amino acid sequence is a classical bioinformatics problem. Common methods use feed forward neural networks or SVMs combined with a sliding window, as these models does not naturally handle…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-01-06 Søren Kaae Sønderby , Ole Winther

Directed evolution plays an indispensable role in protein engineering that revises existing protein sequences to attain new or enhanced functions. Accurately predicting the effects of protein variants necessitates an in-depth understanding…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-09 Yang Tan , Bingxin Zhou , Yuanhong Jiang , Yu Guang Wang , Liang Hong

Proteins are essential biological macromolecules that execute life functions. Local structural motifs, such as active sites, are the most critical components for linking structure to function and are key to understanding protein evolution…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-10 Zhiyu Wang , Bingxin Zhou , Jing Wang , Yang Tan , Weishu Zhao , Pietro Liò , Liang Hong

Proteins perform essential biological functions, and accurate classification of their sequences is critical for understanding structure-function relationships, enzyme mechanisms, and molecular interactions. This study presents a deep…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Pratik Chakraborty , Aryan Bhargava

The intrinsic difficulty in adapting deep learning models to non-stationary environments limits the applicability of neural networks to real-world tasks. This issue is critical in practical supervised learning settings, such as the ones in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci , Tinne Tuytelaars

The increasing number of protein sequences decoded from genomes is opening up new avenues of research on linking protein sequence to function with transformer neural networks. Recent research has shown that the number of known protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Anowarul Kabir , Amarda Shehu

While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This book aims…

Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) aims to forecast the future behavior of ongoing process instances using historical event data, enabling proactive decision-making. While recent advances rely heavily on deep learning models such as LSTMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Amaan Ansari , Lukas Kirchdorfer , Raheleh Hadian

Proteins are miniature machines whose function depends on their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Determining this structure computationally remains an unsolved grand challenge. A major bottleneck involves selecting the most accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-30 Stephan Eismann , Patricia Suriana , Bowen Jing , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Ron O. Dror

Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteomics is a well-established research field with major applications such as identification of disease biomarkers, drug discovery, drug design and development. In…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-08 Fatema Tuz Zohora , Ngoc Hieu Tran , Xianglilan Zhang , Lei Xin , Baozhen Shan , Ming Li

This paper demonstrates that language models are strong structure-based protein designers. We present LM-Design, a generic approach to reprogramming sequence-based protein language models (pLMs), that have learned massive sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Zaixiang Zheng , Yifan Deng , Dongyu Xue , Yi Zhou , Fei YE , Quanquan Gu

Understanding the relationships between protein sequence, structure and function is a long-standing biological challenge with manifold implications from drug design to our understanding of evolution. Recently, protein language models have…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-29 Dexiong Chen , Philip Hartout , Paolo Pellizzoni , Carlos Oliver , Karsten Borgwardt

Protein language models (pLMs) produce per-residue representations that capture evolutionary and structural information, yet their mean-pooled sequence embeddings are not explicitly trained to reflect functional, evolutionary or structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Dan Ofer , Oriel Perets , Michal Linial , Nadav Rappoport

Proteins are the main workhorses of biological functions in a cell, a tissue, or an organism. Identification and quantification of proteins in a given sample, e.g. a cell type under normal/disease conditions, are fundamental tasks for the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Ngoc Hieu Tran , Zachariah Levine , Lei Xin , Baozhen Shan , Ming Li

Inferring the structural properties of a protein from its amino acid sequence is a challenging yet important problem in biology. Structures are not known for the vast majority of protein sequences, but structure is critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Tristan Bepler , Bonnie Berger

Backpropagation (BP) is the standard algorithm for training the deep neural networks that power modern artificial intelligence including large language models. However, BP is energy inefficient and unlikely to be implemented by the brain.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Francesco Innocenti

In recent years machine learning (ML) took bio- and cheminformatics fields by storm, providing new solutions for a vast repertoire of problems related to protein sequence, structure, and interactions analysis. ML techniques, deep neural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-31 Marta M. Stepniewska-Dziubinska , Piotr Zielenkiewicz , Pawel Siedlecki

Protein structure similarity search (PSSS), which tries to search proteins with similar structures, plays a crucial role across diverse domains from drug design to protein function prediction and molecular evolution. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jin Han , Wu-Jun Li