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Noether and Lie symmetry analyses based on point transformations that depend on time and spatial coordinates will be reviewed for a general class of time-dependent Hamiltonian systems. The resulting symmetries are expressed in the form of…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Jürgen Struckmeier , Claus Riedel

New symmetry theorems are obtained for field theories formulated in Minkowski spacetime, based on the recognition that such theories should be diffeomorphism invariant. These theorems, which are in fact generalized Noether theorems, have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-09-10 M. Holman

Noether's theorem is reviewed with a particular focus on an intermediate step between global and local gauge and coordinate transformations, namely linear transformations. We rederive the well known result that global symmetry leads to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Leclerc

Noether's theorems are widely praised as some of the most beautiful and useful results in physics. However, if one reads the majority of standard texts and literature on the application of Noether's first theorem to field theory, one…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-07-23 Mark Robert Baker , Niels Linnemann , Chris Smeenk

We consider a general theory of all possible quadratic, first-order derivative terms of the non-metricity tensor in the framework of Symmetric Teleparallel Geometry. We apply the Noether Symmetry Approach to classify those models that are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Konstantinos F. Dialektopoulos , Tomi S. Koivisto , Salvatore Capozziello

We show that the stress-energy tensor has additional terms with respect to the ideal form in states of global thermodynamic equilibrium in flat spacetime with non-vanishing acceleration and vorticity. These corrections are of quantum origin…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-02 F. Becattini , E. Grossi

Local symmetry transformations play an important role for establishing the existence and form of a conserved (Noether) current in systems with a global continuous symmetry. We explain how this fact leads to the existence of linear relations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-07 Tomas Brauner

In the framework of classical field theory, we first review the Noether theory of symmetries, with simple rederivations of its essential results, with special emphasis given to the Noether identities for gauge theories. Will this baggage on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Josep M. Pons

Noether symmetry for higher order gravity theory has been explored, with the introduction of an auxiliary variable which gives the only correct quantum desccription of the theory, as shown in a series of earlier papers. The application of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. K. Sanyal , B. Modak , C. Rubano , E. Piedipalumbo

Noether's theorem is widely regarded as one of the most elegant results in theoretical physics. The article presents two simple examples that can be used to demonstrate the basic idea behind Noether's theorem, by deriving a relation between…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 Markus Pössel

We sketch the main features of the Noether Symmetry Approach, a method to reduce and solve dynamics of physical systems by selecting Noether symmetries, which correspond to conserved quantities. Specifically, we take into account the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-24 Francesco Bajardi , Salvatore Capozziello , Tiziana Di Salvo , Francesca Spinnato

Conserved currents associated with the time translation and axial symmetries of the Kerr spacetime and with scaling symmetry are constructed for the Teukolsky Master Equation (TME). Three partly different approaches are taken, of which the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-06 Gabor Zsolt Toth

Noether invariance in statistical mechanics provides fundamental connections between the symmetries of a physical system and its conservation laws and sum rules. The latter are exact identities that involve statistically averaged forces and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-04 Silas Robitschko , Florian Sammüller , Matthias Schmidt , Sophie Hermann

Noether's first and second theorems both imply conserved currents that can be identified as an energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The first theorem identifies the EMT as the conserved current associated with global spacetime translations, while…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Adam Freese

Noether's theory offers us a useful tool to research the conserved quantities and symmetries of the modified gravity theories, among which the $f(T)$ theory, a generally modified teleparallel gravity, has been proposed to account for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-07 Han Dong , Jiaxin Wang , Xinhe Meng

Through symmetry of the action under global spacetime translations, Noether's first theorem infamously entails an energy-momentum tensor (EMT) that is neither symmetric nor gauge-invariant. In a prior work [Phys. Rev. D 106, 125012 (2022)],…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-25 Adam Freese

We give details and derivations for the Noether invariance theory that characterizes the spatial equilibrium structure of inhomogeneous classical many-body systems, as recently proposed and investigated for bulk systems [F. Samm\"uller…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-23 Sophie Hermann , Florian Sammüller , Matthias Schmidt

It is shown that using Noether's Theorem explicitly employing gauge invariance for variations of the electromagnetic four-potential $A^\mu$ straightforwardly ensures that the resulting electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor is symmetric.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-07-01 Helmut Haberzettl

Noether's theorem connects symmetries to invariants in continuous systems, however its extension to discrete systems has remained elusive. Recognizing the lowest-order finite difference as the foundation of local continuity, a viable method…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-04 Samuel Richard Totorica

We provide a geometric extension of the generalized Noether theorem for scaling symmetries recently presented in \cite{zhang2020generalized}. Our version of the generalized Noether theorem has several positive features: it is constructed in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Alessandro Bravetti , Angel Garcia-Chung
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