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This paper introduces a new quantum protocol for secure direct communication. This protocol is based on Entanglement and Super-Dense coding. In this paper we present some basic definitions of entanglement in quantum mechanics, present how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 Ola M. Hegazy , Ayman M. Bahaa-Eldin , Yasser H. Dakroury

Hyperentanglement has attracted much attention for its fascinating applications in quantum communication. However, it is impossible to purify a pair of photon systems in a mixed hyperentangled state with errors in two degrees of freedom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-17 Bao-Cang Ren , Fu-Guo Deng

The entanglement resource required for quantum information processing comes in a variety of forms, from Bell states to multipartite GHZ states or cluster states. Purifying these resources after their imperfect generation is an indispensable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-09 Stefan Krastanov , Alexander Sanchez de la Cerda , Prineha Narang

Quantum networks hold the potential to revolutionize a variety of fields by surpassing the capabilities of their classical counterparts. Many of these applications necessitate the sharing of high-fidelity entangled pairs among communicating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Pankaj Kumar , Binayak Kar , Shan-Hsiang Shen

Quantum entanglement plays crucial roles in quantum information processing. Quantum entangled states have become the key ingredient in the rapidly expanding field of quantum information science. Although the nonclassical nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-22 Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei , Xianqing Li-Jost

We investigate efficient entanglement purification through double selection process. This method works with higher noise thresholds for the communication channels and local operations, and achieves higher fidelity of purified states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

Entanglement purification protocols are fundamental primitives in quantum communication, enabling the distillation of high-quality entanglement using only local operations and classical communication. For large multipartite states, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Katerina Stloukalova , Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür , Julius Wallnöfer

We study the problem of general entanglement purification protocols. Suppose Alice and Bob share a bipartite state $\rho$ which is ``reasonably close'' to perfect EPR pairs. The only information Alice and Bob possess is a lower bound on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , Ke Yang

Quantum entanglement is the key to quantum communications over considerable distances. The first step for entanglement distribution among quantum communication nodes is to generate link-level Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Karim Elsayed , Wasiur R. KhudaBukhsh , Amr Rizk

Entanglement routing establishes remote entanglement connection between two arbitrary nodes, which is one of the most important functions in quantum networks. The existing routing mechanisms mainly improve the robustness and throughput…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Jian Li , Mingjun Wang , Qidong Jia , Kaiping Xue , Nenghai Yu , Qibin Sun , Jun Lu

Quantum Entanglement is a fundamentally important resource in Quantum Information Science; however, generating it in practice is plagued by noise and decoherence, limiting its utility. Entanglement distillation and forward error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Vaishnavi L. Addala , Shu Ge , Stefan Krastanov

Entanglement represents one of the most important conceptual advances in physics during the last century and is also one of the most essential resources in quantum information science. However, entanglement is fragile and its potential…

To establish an entangled state of optimal fidelity between two distant observers when the available quantum channel is noisy, is a central problem in quantum information theory. We consider an instance of this problem for two-qubit systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay , Anindita Ghosh

High-fidelity entanglement shared between distant quantum systems is an essential resource for quantum communication and computation. Entanglement distillation addresses this need by converting multiple noisy Bell pairs into fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Shoham Jacoby , Rotem Arnon-Friedman , Serge Rosenblum

Superdense Coding is a cornerstone in secure quantum communication, exploiting pre-shared entanglement to encode two classical bits within a single qubit. However, noise and decoherence deteriorate entanglement quality, restricting both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Syed Emad Uddin Shubha , Tasnuva Farheen

Entanglement generation lies at the heart of many quantum networking protocols as it enables distributed and modular quantum computing. For superconducting qubits, entanglement fidelity is typically limited by photon loss in the links that…

In quantum networks, a set of entangled states distributed over multiple, alternative, distinct paths between a pair of source-destination nodes can be purified to obtain a higher fidelity entangled state between the nodes. This multipath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Rajni Bala , Md Sohel Mondal , Siddhartha Santra

The field of quantum communications promises the faithful distribution of quantum information, quantum entanglement, and absolutely secret keys, however, the highest rates of these tasks are fundamentally limited by the transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Matthew S. Winnel , Joshua J. Guanzon , Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Timothy C. Ralph

The degradation of entanglement in quantum memories due to decoherence is a critical challenge for scalable quantum networks. We present an entanglement distillation protocol based on the [[4,2,2]] quantum error-detecting code, deriving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Huidan Zheng , Gunsik Min , Ilkwon Sohn , Jun Heo

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin