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Logic locking refers to a set of techniques that can protect integrated circuits (ICs) from counterfeiting, piracy and malicious functionality changes by an untrusted foundry. It achieves these goals by introducing new inputs, called key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Deepak Sirone , Pramod Subramanyan

Logic locking has been a promising solution to many hardware security threats, such as intellectual property infringement and overproduction. Due to the increased attention that threats have received, many efficient specialized attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-12 F. Almeida , L. Aksoy , Q-L. Nguyen , S. Dupuis , M-L. Flottes , S. Pagliarini

Due to the adoption of horizontal business models following the globalization of semiconductor manufacturing, the overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs) and the piracy of intellectual properties (IPs) can lead to significant damage to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Yadi Zhong , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking is a hardware security technique to intellectual property (IP) against security threats in the IC supply chain, especially untrusted fabs. Such techniques incorporate additional locking circuitry within an IC that induces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Michael Zuzak , Yang Xie , Abhishek Chakraborty , Ankur Srivastava

Logic locking is used to protect integrated circuits (ICs) from piracy and counterfeiting. An encrypted IC implements the correct function only when the right key is input. Many existing logic-locking methods are subject to the powerful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jingbo Zhou , Xinmiao Zhang

Sequential logic locking has been studied over the last decade as a method to protect sequential circuits from reverse engineering. However, most of the existing sequential logic locking techniques are threatened by increasingly more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yuke Zhang , Yinghua Hu , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

Logic Encryption is one of the most popular hardware security techniques which can prevent IP piracy and illegal IC overproduction. It introduces obfuscation by inserting some extra hardware into a design to hide its functionality from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Rajit Karmakar , Santanu Chatopadhyay , Rohit Kapur

Logic locking aims to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy and unauthorized overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs). However, initial logic locking techniques were vulnerable to the Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Intellectual Property (IP) piracy, overbuilding, reverse engineering, and hardware Trojan are serious security concerns during integrated circuit (IC) development. Logic locking has proven to be a solid defence for mitigating these threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vijaypal Singh Rathor , Munesh Singh , Kshira Sagar Sahoo , Saraju P. Mohanty

The outsourcing of the design and manufacturing of integrated circuits (ICs) in the current horizontal semiconductor integration flow has posed various security threats due to the presence of untrusted entities, such as overproduction of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuqiao Zhang , Ayush Jain , Pinchen Cui , Ziqi Zhou , Ujjwal Guin

Logic locking has emerged to prevent piracy and overproduction of integrated circuits ever since the split of the design house and manufacturing foundry was established. While there has been a lot of research using a single global key to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Kevin Lopez , Amin Rezaei

Logic locking is a promising technique for protecting integrated circuit designs while outsourcing their fabrication. Recently, graph neural network (GNN)-based link prediction attacks have been developed which can successfully break all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Subhajit Dutta Chowdhury , Kaixin Yang , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Synthetic Separation Logic (SSL) is a formalism that powers SuSLik, the state-of-the-art approach for the deductive synthesis of provably-correct programs in C-like languages that manipulate Heap-based linked data structures. Despite its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-16 David Young , Ziyi Yang , Ilya Sergey , Alex Potanin

Logic locking protects an IC from threats such as piracy of design IP and unauthorized overproduction throughout the IC supply chain. Out of the several techniques proposed by the research community, provably-secure logic locking (PSLL) has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Satwik Patnaik , Nimisha Limaye , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Existing logic-locking attacks are known to successfully decrypt functionally correct key of a locked combinational circuit. It is possible to extend these attacks to real-world Silicon-based Intellectual Properties (IPs, which are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Seetal Potluri , Aydin Aysu , Akash Kumar

In a zero-trust fabless paradigm, designers are increasingly concerned about hardware-based attacks on the semiconductor supply chain. Logic locking is a design-for-trust method that adds extra key-controlled gates in the circuits to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yeganeh Aghamohammadi , Amin Rezaei

Logic locking is a method to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy. However, under a reasonable attack model, SAT-based methods have proven to be powerful in obtaining the secret key. In response, many locking techniques have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joseph Sweeney , Marijn J. H. Heule , Lawrence Pileggi

The SAT attack has shown to be efficient against most combinational logic encryption methods. It can be extended to attack sequential logic encryption techniques by leveraging circuit unrolling and model checking methods. However, with no…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yinghua Hu , Yuke Zhang , Kaixin Yang , Dake Chen , Peter A. Beerel , Pierluigi Nuzzo

High-level synthesis (HLS) is a powerful tool for developing efficient hardware accelerators that rely on specialized memory systems to achieve sufficient on-chip data reuse and off-chip bandwidth utilization. However, even with HLS,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Izumi Tanaka , Ken Sakayori , Shinya Takamaeda-Yamazaki , Naoki Kobayashi

The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Christian Pilato , Luca Collini , Luca Cassano , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri
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