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The development of semi-supervised learning (SSL) has in recent years largely focused on the development of new consistency regularization or entropy minimization approaches, often resulting in models with complex training strategies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Durgesh Singh , Ahcene Boubekki , Robert Jenssen , Michael C. Kampffmeyer

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for training deep neural networks in a semi-supervised setting where only a small portion of training data is labeled. We introduce self-ensembling, where we form a consensus…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Samuli Laine , Timo Aila

Self-training is a well-known approach for semi-supervised learning. It consists of iteratively assigning pseudo-labels to unlabeled data for which the model is confident and treating them as labeled examples. For neural networks, softmax…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ambroise Odonnat , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko

Semantic segmentation of point cloud usually relies on dense annotation that is exhausting and costly, so it attracts wide attention to investigate solutions for the weakly supervised scheme with only sparse points annotated. Existing works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yushuang Wu , Zizheng Yan , Shengcai Cai , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu , Xiaoguang Han , Shuguang Cui

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) can leverage abundant unlabeled data to boost model performance. However, the class-imbalanced data distribution in real-world scenarios poses great challenges to SSL, resulting in performance degradation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yin Wang , Zixuan Wang , Hao Lu , Zhen Qin , Hailiang Zhao , Guanjie Cheng , Ge Su , Li Kuang , Mengchu Zhou , Shuiguang Deng

Recent speech enhancement (SE) models increasingly leverage self-supervised learning (SSL) representations for their rich semantic information. Typically, intermediate features are aggregated into a single representation via a lightweight…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seungu Han , Sungho Lee , Kyogu Lee

Training deep models with limited annotations poses a significant challenge when applied to diverse practical domains. Employing semi-supervised learning alongside the self-supervised model offers the potential to enhance label efficiency.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ziting Wen , Oscar Pizarro , Stefan Williams

Federated learning enables multiple clients, such as mobile phones and organizations, to collaboratively learn a shared model for prediction while protecting local data privacy. However, most recent research and applications of federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Haowen Lin , Jian Lou , Li Xiong , Cyrus Shahabi

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has witnessed remarkable progress, resulting in the emergence of numerous method variations. However, practitioners often encounter challenges when attempting to deploy these methods due to their subpar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Kai Gan , Tong Wei

To alleviate human efforts from obtaining large-scale annotations, Semi-Supervised Relation Extraction methods aim to leverage unlabeled data in addition to learning from limited samples. Existing self-training methods suffer from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Xuming Hu , Chenwei Zhang , Fukun Ma , Chenyao Liu , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu

The rapid advancement in self-supervised representation learning has highlighted its potential to leverage unlabeled data for learning rich visual representations. However, the existing techniques, particularly those employing different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Sana Ayromlou , Vahid Reza Khazaie , Fereshteh Forghani , Arash Afkanpour

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) aims to address the challenge of limited labeled data in multi-label learning (MLL) by leveraging unlabeled data to improve the model's performance. While pseudo-labeling has become a dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Bo Han , Zhuoming Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Yaxin Hou , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou , Yuheng Jia

Semi-supervised learning in automatic speech recognition (ASR) typically relies on pseudo-labeling, which often suffers from confirmation bias and error accumulation due to noisy supervision. To address this limitation, we propose ReHear, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zefang Liu , Chenyang Zhu , Sangwoo Cho , Shi-Xiong Zhang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has long been proved to be an effective technique to construct powerful models with limited labels. In the existing literature, consistency regularization-based methods, which force the perturbed samples to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Xihong Yang , Xiaochang Hu , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , En Zhu

Recent state-of-the-art method FlexMatch firstly demonstrated that correctly estimating learning status is crucial for semi-supervised learning (SSL). However, the estimation method proposed by FlexMatch does not take into account…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhimin Chen , Longlong Jing , Liang Yang , Yingwei Li , Bing Li

Improving generalization is a major challenge in audio classification due to labeled data scarcity. Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods tackle this by leveraging unlabeled data to learn useful features for downstream classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Melikasadat Emami , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to train a machine learning model using both labelled and unlabelled data. While the unlabelled data have been used in various ways to improve the prediction accuracy, the reason why unlabelled data could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Archer Moore , Heejung Shim , Jingge Zhu , Mingming Gong

Pseudo-labeling (PL), a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method where a seed model performs self-training using pseudo-labels generated from untranscribed speech, has been shown to enhance the performance of end-to-end automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Yosuke Higuchi , Niko Moritz , Jonathan Le Roux , Takaaki Hori

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches are shown to improve classification performance by utilizing a large number of unlabeled samples in conjunction with limited labeled samples. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Zexi Chen , Bharathkumar Ramachandra , Ranga Raju Vatsavai

Most semi-supervised learning methods over-sample labeled data when constructing training mini-batches. This paper studies whether this common practice improves learning and how. We compare it to an alternative setting where each mini-batch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Miquel Martí i Rabadán , Sebastian Bujwid , Alessandro Pieropan , Hossein Azizpour , Atsuto Maki