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As object detectors are increasingly deployed as black-box cloud services or pre-trained models with restricted access to the original training data, the challenge of zero-shot object-level out-of-distribution (OOD) detection arises. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Bin Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Guokuan Li , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

Deep neural networks have found widespread adoption in solving complex tasks ranging from image recognition to natural language processing. However, these networks make confident mispredictions when presented with data that does not belong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Deepak Ravikumar , Sangamesh Kodge , Isha Garg , Kaushik Roy

Wikidata is the new, large-scale knowledge base of the Wikimedia Foundation. As it can be edited by anyone, entries frequently get vandalized, leading to the possibility that it might spread of falsified information if such posts are not…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Qi Zhu , Hongwei Ng , Liyuan Liu , Ziwei Ji , Bingjie Jiang , Jiaming Shen , Huan Gui

LiDAR-based 3D object detection plays a critical role for reliable and safe autonomous driving systems. However, existing detectors often produce overly confident predictions for objects not belonging to known categories, posing significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

As machine learning models continue to achieve impressive performance across different tasks, the importance of effective anomaly detection for such models has increased as well. It is common knowledge that even well-trained models lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ramneet Kaur , Xiayan Ji , Souradeep Dutta , Michele Caprio , Yahan Yang , Elena Bernardis , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Navigation services utilized by autonomous vehicles or ordinary users require the availability of detailed information about road-related objects and their geolocations, especially at road intersections. However, these road intersections…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Chaoquan Zhang , Hongchao Fan , Wanzhi Li , Bo Mao , Xuan Ding

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez

Change detection (CD) is a fundamental task in Earth observation. While most change detection methods detect all changes, there is a growing need for specialized methods targeting specific changes relevant to particular applications while…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Tahir Ahmad , Sudipan Saha

This paper describes a system whereby a robot detects and track human-meaningful navigational cues as it navigates in an indoor environment. It is intended as the sensor front-end for a mobile robot system that can communicate its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Payam Nikdel , Richard Vaughan

Potholes on the roads are a serious hazard and maintenance burden. This poses a significant threat to road safety and vehicle longevity, especially on the diverse and under-maintained roads of India. In this paper, we present a complete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rishi Raj Sahoo , Surbhi Saswati Mohanty , Subhankar Mishra

In the context of robotic underwater operations, the visual degradations induced by the medium properties make difficult the exclusive use of cameras for localization purpose. Hence, most localization methods are based on expensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Maxime Ferrera , Julien Moras , Pauline Trouvé-Peloux , Vincent Creuze

In this paper, we review the state of the art in Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation, with a focus on road obstacle detection in automated driving as a real-world application. We analyse the performance of existing methods on two widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Youssef Shoeb , Azarm Nowzad , Hanno Gottschalk

Vehicle re-identification helps in distinguishing between images of the same and other vehicles. It is a challenging process because of significant intra-instance differences between identical vehicles from different views and subtle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Sangrok Lee , Taekang Woo , Sang Hun Lee

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has emerged as a pivotal task in computer vision, with broad relevance across multiple fields. Recent advances in deep learning have driven significant progress in this area, yet the field remains fragmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

OpenStreetMap (OSM), a rich and versatile source of volunteered geographic information (VGI), facilitates human self-localization and scene understanding by integrating nearby visual observations with vectorized map data. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Youqi Liao , Xieyuanli Chen , Shuhao Kang , Jianping Li , Zhen Dong , Hongchao Fan , Bisheng Yang

Freespace detection is an essential component of autonomous driving technology and plays an important role in trajectory planning. In the last decade, deep learning-based free space detection methods have been proved feasible. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Chen Min , Weizhong Jiang , Dawei Zhao , Jiaolong Xu , Liang Xiao , Yiming Nie , Bin Dai

Realistic human surveillance datasets are crucial for training and evaluating computer vision models under real-world conditions, facilitating the development of robust algorithms for human and human-interacting object detection in complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hayat Ullah , Abbas Khan , Arslan Munir , Hari Kalva

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models. Existing methods mostly focus on regular entangled representations to discriminate in-distribution (ID) and OOD data, neglecting the rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Boyang Dai , Chaoqi Chen , Yizhou Yu

Pedestrian detection is among the most safety-critical features of driver assistance systems for autonomous vehicles. One of the most complex detection challenges is that of partial occlusion, where a target object is only partially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shane Gilroy , Martin Glavin , Edward Jones , Darragh Mullins