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Virtual Reality (VR) games that feature physical activities have been shown to increase players' motivation to do physical exercise. However, for such exercises to have a positive healthcare effect, they have to be repeated several times a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Tobias Huber , Silvan Mertes , Stanislava Rangelova , Simon Flutura , Elisabeth André

Despite rapid advances in video generative models, robust metrics for evaluating visual and temporal correctness of complex human actions remain elusive. Critically, existing pure-vision encoders and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xavier Thomas , Youngsun Lim , Ananya Srinivasan , Audrey Zheng , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Large language models can generate plausible game code, but turning this capability into \emph{iterative creative improvement} remains difficult. In practice, single-shot generation often produces brittle runtime behavior, weak accumulation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hongnan Ma , Han Wang , Shenglin Wang , Tieyue Yin , Yiwei Shi , Yucong Huang , Yingtian Zou , Muning Wen , Mengyue Yang

While AI excels at generating text, audio, images, and videos, creating interactive audio-visual content such as video games remains challenging. Current LLMs can generate JavaScript games and animations, but lack automated evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau

We present PORTAL, a novel framework for developing artificial intelligence agents capable of playing thousands of 3D video games through language-guided policy generation. By transforming decision-making problems into language modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhongwen Xu , Xianliang Wang , Siyi Li , Tao Yu , Liang Wang , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

Over the last several decades, computer games started to have a significant impact on society. However, although a computer game is a type of software, the process to conceptualize, produce and deliver a game could involve unusual features.…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems planned for deployment in real-world applications frequently are researched and developed in closed simulation environments where all variables are controlled and known to the simulator or labeled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Katarina Doctor , Christine Task , Eric Kildebeck , Mayank Kejriwal , Lawrence Holder , Russell Leong

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automated code generation, yet the evaluation of their real-world effectiveness remains limited by static benchmarks and simplistic metrics. We present ProxyWar, a novel framework that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Wenjun Peng , Xinyu Wang , Qi Wu

With the proliferation of various gaming technology, services, game styles, and platforms, multi-dimensional aesthetic assessment of the gaming contents is becoming more and more important for the gaming industry. Depending on the diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Zhenyu Lei , Yejing Xie , Suiyi Ling , Andreas Pastor , Junle Wang , Patrick Le Callet

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) foregoes the need for large human-authored data-sets and allows agents to train explicitly on functional constraints, using computable, user-defined measures of quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Zehua Jiang , Sam Earle , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

Levels are a key component of many different video games, and a large body of work has been produced on how to procedurally generate game levels. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to video game level generation towards…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Adam James Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Michael Mateas , Santiago Ontañón

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) techniques enable automatic creation of diverse and complex environments. While PCG facilitates more efficient content creation, ensuring consistently high-quality, industry-standard content remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mahdi Farrokhimaleki , Parsa Rahmati , Richard Zhao

Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) faces a significant hurdle that sets it apart from other fields, such as image or text generation, which is limited annotated data. Many existing methods for procedural level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Negar Mirgati , Matthew Guzdial

There are a range of metrics that can be applied to the artifacts produced by procedural content generation, and several of them come with qualitative claims. In this paper, we adapt a range of existing PCG metrics to generated Minecraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Jean-Baptiste Hervé , Christoph Salge

The automatic generation of game tutorials is a challenging AI problem. While it is possible to generate annotations and instructions that explain to the player how the game is played, this paper focuses on generating a gameplay experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Michael Cerny Green , Ahmed Khalifa , Gabriella A. B. Barros , Andy Nealen , Julian Togelius

Balancing game difficulty in video games is a key task to create interesting gaming experiences for players. Mismatching the game difficulty and a player's skill or commitment results in frustration or boredom on the player's side, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Ronja Fuchs , Robin Gieseke , Alexander Dockhorn

Evaluating the performance of human is a common need across many applications, such as in engineering and sports. When evaluating human performance in completing complex and interactive tasks, the most common way is to use a metric having…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-24 Chaoyi Gu , Varuna De Silva

Despite rapid progress on coding agents, progress on their multimodal counterparts has lagged behind. A key challenge is the scarcity of evaluation testbeds that combine the complexity of software development with the need for deep…

People are remarkably capable of generating their own goals, beginning with child's play and continuing into adulthood. Despite considerable empirical and computational work on goals and goal-oriented behavior, models are still far from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Guy Davidson , Graham Todd , Julian Togelius , Todd M. Gureckis , Brenden M. Lake

Game level editing is the process of constructing a full game level starting from 3D asset libraries, e.g. 3d models, textures, shaders, scripts. In level editing, designers define the look and behavior of the whole level by placing…

Graphics · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Christian Santoni , Gabriele Salvati , Valentina Tibaldo , Fabio Pellacini