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This paper presents a methodology for allocating energy consumption to multiple users of shared data center machines, infrastructure, and software. Google uses this methodology to provide carbon reporting data for enterprise customers of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Ian Schneider , Taylor Mattia

Future networks must meet stringent requirements while operating within tight energy and carbon constraints. Current autoscaling mechanisms remain workload-centric and infrastructure-siloed, and are largely unaware of their environmental…

The exponential growth in demand for digital services drives massive datacenter energy consumption and negative environmental impacts. Promoting sustainable solutions to pressing energy and digital infrastructure challenges is crucial.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Vanamala Venkataswamy , Jake Grigsby , Andrew Grimshaw , Yanjun Qi

IT power usage is a significant concern. Data center energy consumption is estimated to account for 1% to 1.5% of all energy consumption worldwide. Hardware designers, data center designers, and other members of the IT community have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaushik Dutta , Debra Vandermeer

With the proliferation of the adoption of renewable energy in powering data centers, addressing the challenges of such energy sources has attracted researchers from academia and industry. One of the challenging characteristics of data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Seyed Morteza Nabavinejad , Tian Guo

Datacenters (DCs) are deployed in a large scale to support the ever increasing demand for data processing to support various applications. The energy consumption of DCs becomes a critical issue. Powering DCs with renewable energy can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Liang Zhang , Tao Han , Nirwan Ansari

Data centers are facilities housing computing infrastructure for processing and storing digital information. The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is driving unprecedented growth in data center capacity, with global electricity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Haoxiang Wan , Linhan Fang , Xingpeng Li

The popularization of cloud computing has raised concerns over the energy consumption that takes place in data centers. In addition to the energy consumed by servers, the energy consumed by large numbers of network devices emerges as a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Lin Wang , Fa Zhang , Jordi Arjona Aroca , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Kai Zheng , Chenying Hou , Dan Li , Zhiyong Liu

The cloud computing paradigm offers on-demand services over the Internet and supports a wide variety of applications. With the recent growth of Internet of Things (IoT) based applications the usage of cloud services is increasing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Sukhpal Singh Gill , Rajkumar Buyya

We present an analytical model to evaluate the reductions in emissions resulting from geographic load shifting. This model is optimistic as it ignores issues of grid capacity, demand and curtailment. In other words, real-world reductions…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede

Data centers energy demand is increasing. While a great deal of effort has been made to reduce the amount of CO$_2$ generated by large cloud providers, too little has been done from the application perspective. We claim that application…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Monica Vitali

The environmental sustainability of Information Technology (IT) has emerged as a critical concern, driven by the need to reduce both energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the context of cloud-native applications deployed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Andrea D'Iapico , Monica Vitali

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence has significantly increased the electricity, water, and carbon demands of modern data centers, raising sustainability concerns. This study evaluates the environmental footprint of AI server…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Aadi Patel , Nikhil Mahalingam , Rusheen Patel

Barroso's seminal contributions in energy-proportional warehouse-scale computing launched an era where modern datacenters have become more energy efficient and cost effective than ever before. At the same time, modern AI applications have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Carole-Jean Wu , Bilge Acun , Ramya Raghavendra , Kim Hazelwood

As the Data Science field continues to mature, and we collect more data, the demand to store and analyze them will continue to increase. This increase in data availability and demand for analytics will put a strain on data centers and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Justin Gould

Over the years, the chip industry has consistently developed high-performance processors to address the increasing demands across diverse applications. However, the rapid expansion of chip production has significantly increased carbon…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajun Hu , Chetan Choppali Sudarshan , Vidya A. Chhabria , Aman Arora

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

Saving energy is an important issue for cloud providers to reduce energy cost in a data center. With the increasing popularity of cloud computing, it is time to examine various energy reduction methods for which energy consumption could be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Nasrin Akhter , Mohamed Othman , Ranesh Kumar Naha

The explosive wireless data service requirement accompanied with carbon dioxide emission and consumption of traditional energy has put pressure on both industry and academia. Wireless networks powered with the uneven and intermittent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Qiao Li , Yifei Wei , Mei Song , F. Richard Yu

The rising share of abundant renewable energy inevitably increases volatility in the electricity production. The concept of sector coupling means that the volatility of electricity production to a large degree can be absorbed by dispatching…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-29 P. Bechtle , O. Freyermuth , M. Geffers , M. Giffels , M. Hübner , F. Kirfel , J. Kreutz , S. Krieg , S. Matberg , M. Schnepf
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