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Decision-making in military aviation Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) faces significant challenges due to the "curse of dimensionality" in large-scale fleet operations, combined with sparse feedback and stochastic mission profiles.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yong Si , Mingfei Lu , Jing Li , Yang Hu , Guijiang Li , Yueheng Song , Zhaokui Wang

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (RL) can accelerate long-horizon decision-making by temporally abstracting a policy into multiple levels. Promising results in sparse reward environments have been seen with skills, i.e. sequences of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Ce Hao , Catherine Weaver , Chen Tang , Kenta Kawamoto , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for deriving control policies for complex systems. As we show in two control problems, the derived policies from using the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Deep Q-Network (DQN)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Jan de Priester , Ricardo G. Sanfelice , Nathan van de Wouw

In classic Reinforcement Learning (RL), the agent maximizes an additive objective of the visited states, e.g., a value function. Unfortunately, objectives of this type cannot model many real-world applications such as experiment design,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Riccardo De Santi , Manish Prajapat , Andreas Krause

An inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) agent learns to act intelligently by observing expert demonstrations and learning the expert's underlying reward function. Although learning the reward functions from demonstrations has achieved great…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Wei Gao , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) approaches have shown successful results in solving a large variety of complex, structured, long-horizon problems. Nevertheless, a full theoretical understanding of this empirical evidence is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Gianluca Drappo , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

The main focus of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is studying how large Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) can be more efficiently solved when addressed in a modular way, by combining partial solutions computed for smaller subtasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Roberto Cipollone , Luca Iocchi , Matteo Leonetti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in various language tasks, making them promising candidates for decision-making in robotics. Inspired by Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL), we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

Modern listwise recommendation systems need to consider both long-term user perceptions and short-term interest shifts. Reinforcement learning can be applied on recommendation to study such a problem but is also subject to large search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Luo Ji , Gao Liu , Mingyang Yin , Hongxia Yang , Jingren Zhou

Effective governance and steering of behavior in complex multi-agent systems (MAS) are essential for managing system-wide outcomes, particularly in environments where interactions are structured by dynamic networks. In many applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Qiliang Chen , Babak Heydari

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) exploits temporal abstraction to solve large Markov Decision Processes (MDP) and provide transferable subtask policies. In this paper, we introduce an off-policy HRL algorithm: Hierarchical Q-value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Tiancheng Zhao , Mohammad Gowayyed

In 5G non-standalone mode, an intelligent traffic steering mechanism can vastly aid in ensuring smooth user experience by selecting the best radio access technology (RAT) from a multi-RAT environment for a specific traffic flow. In this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Md Arafat Habib , Hao Zhou , Pedro Enrique Iturria-Rivera , Medhat Elsayed , Majid Bavand , Raimundas Gaigalas , Yigit Ozcan , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) has made notable progress in complex control tasks by leveraging temporal abstraction. However, previous HRL algorithms often suffer from serious data inefficiency as environments get large. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Seungjae Lee , Jigang Kim , Inkyu Jang , H. Jin Kim

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) allows interactive agents to decompose complex problems into a hierarchy of sub-tasks. Higher-level tasks can invoke the solutions of lower-level tasks as if they were primitive actions. In this…

Upside-Down Reinforcement Learning (UDRL) is an approach for solving RL problems that does not require value functions and uses only supervised learning, where the targets for given inputs in a dataset do not change over time. Ghosh et al.…

This paper introduces Adversarial Resilience Learning (ARL), a concept to model, train, and analyze artificial neural networks as representations of competitive agents in highly complex systems. In our examples, the agents normally take the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Lars Fischer , Jan-Menno Memmen , Eric MSP Veith , Martin Tröschel

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) allows multiple agents to collaboratively build a decision making policy without sharing raw trajectories. However, if a small fraction of these agents are adversarial, it can lead to catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Swetha Ganesh , Jiayu Chen , Gugan Thoppe , Vaneet Aggarwal

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) aims to optimize decision-making policies under constraint conditions, making it highly applicable to safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power grid management. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Wentao Xu , Zhongming Yao , Weihao Li , Zhenghang Song , Yumeng Song , Tianyi Li , Yushuai Li

This paper describes a purely data-driven solution to a class of sequential decision-making problems with a large number of concurrent online decisions, with applications to computing systems and operations research. We assume that while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Hardik Meisheri , Vinita Baniwal , Nazneen N Sultana , Balaraman Ravindran , Harshad Khadilkar

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for autonomous driving. However, despite their advanced capabilities, DRL-based policies remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, posing serious safety risks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Junchao Fan , Xuyang Lei , Xiaolin Chang