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In this work, we investigate collisionless shocks propagating in a relativistically hot unmagnetized electron-positron plasmas. We estimate the dissipation fraction at shocks in the relativistically hot plasma, showing that it is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-21 Kamiido Kazuki , Ohira Yutaka

The results of hybrid simulation of low-beta supercritical quasi-parallel shocks in high metallicity plasma are presented. The structure of upstream and downstream turbulence is addressed and velocities of the corresponding scattering…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 J. A. Kropotina , K. P. Levenfish , A. M. Bykov

Shocks act to convert incoming supersonic flows to heat, and in collisionless plasmas the shock layer forms on kinetic plasma scales through collective electromagnetic effects. These collisionless shocks have been observed in many space and…

Shocks in relativistically hot plasmas are thought to exist in various high-energy astrophysical phenomena, but it is not clear how relativistic collisionless shocks are formed, whether particles are accelerated by the shock as in the case…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-18 Kamiido Kazuki , Ohira Yutaka

Shock waves in plasmas can be characterized by the mechanisms behind their formation. When binary collisions are frequent, dissipation is collision-driven and the shock width is a few mean free paths. In contrast, collisionless shocks rely…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Yossef Nissim Kindi , Asaf Pe'er , Antoine Bret , Luís O. Silva , Kevin M. Schoeffler

The localized deposition of the energy of a laser pulse, as it ablates a solid target, introduces high thermal pressure gradients in the plasma. The thermal expansion of this laser-heated plasma into the ambient medium (ionized residual…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-11-30 M E Dieckmann , G Sarri , L Romagnani , I Kourakis , M Borghesi

Mildly relativistic shocks in magnetized electron-ion plasmas are investigated with 2D kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of unprecedentedly high resolution and large scale for conditions that may be found at internal shocks in blazar…

Collisionless shocks, that is shocks mediated by electromagnetic processes, are customary in space physics and in astrophysics. They are to be found in a great variety of objects and environments: magnetospheric and heliospheric shocks,…

We study the structure of reverse shocks formed by the collision of supersonic, magnetised plasma flows driven by an inverse (or exploding) wire array with a planar conducting obstacle. We observe that the structure of these reverse shocks…

Hot-cold ablative mixing plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysical and laboratory systems, where a cold/dense plasma is roughly in pressure balance with a hot/dilute plasma. Examples include the plasma thermal quench during major disruptions…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Yanzeng Zhang , Xian-Zhu Tang

We explore analytically the structure of relativistic shock and solitary wave solutions in collisionless plasmas. In the wave frame of reference, a cold plasma is flowing from one end and impacting on a low velocity plasma. First we show…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Medvigy , Abraham Loeb

Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks of electron-positron plasmas with proton admixture is investigated through two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The upstream plasma, with a bulk Lorentz factor of $10$ and a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-02 Huan Yu , Qi Xia , Jun Fang

It is shown that collisionless shock waves can be driven in unmagnetized electron-positron plasmas by performing a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. At the shock transition region, strong magnetic fields are generated by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-31 Tsunehiko N. Kato

Astrophysical shocks are often studied in the high Mach number limit but weakly compressive fast shocks can occur in magnetic reconnection outflows and are considered to be a site of particle energization in solar flares. Here we study the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-26 Jaehong Park , Jared C. Workman , Eric G. Blackman , Chuang Ren , Robert Siller

We present a three-dimensional hybrid simulation of a collisionless perpendicular shock in a partially ionized plasma for the first time. In this simulation, the shock velocity and the upstream ionization fraction are Vsh ~ 1333 km/s and fi…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-17 Yutaka Ohira

Shock waves are supersonic disturbances propagating in a fluid and giving rise to dissipation and drag. Weak shocks, i.e., those of small amplitude, can be well described within the hydrodynamic approximation. On the other hand, strong…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-24 Sergei Khlebnikov , Martin Kruczenski , Georgios Michalogiorgakis

We report on the temporally and spatially resolved detection of the precursory stages that lead to the formation of an unmagnetized, supercritical collision-less shock in a laser-driven laboratory experiment. The measured evolution of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 H Ahmed , ME Dieckmann , L Romagnani , D Doria , G Sarri , M Cherchez , E Ianni , I Kourakis , AL Giesecke , M Notley , R Prasad , K Quinn , O Willi , M Borghesi

We model relativistically colliding plasma by PIC simulations in one and two spatial dimensions, taking an ion-to-electron mass ratio of 400. Energy dissipation by a wave precursor of mixed polarity and different densities of the colliding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. E. Dieckmann , P. K. Shukla , L. O. C. Drury

When two plasmas collide, their interaction can be mediated by collisionless plasma instabilities or binary collisions between particles of each shell. By comparing the maximum growth rate of the collisionless instabilities with the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2018-07-18 Antoine Bret , Asaf Pe'er

We present results of 2D3V particle-in-cell simulations of non-relativistic plasma collisions with absent or parallel large-scale magnetic field for parameters applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants. We study the collision…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Jacek Niemiec , Martin Pohl , Antoine Bret , Volkmar Wieland