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We theoretically analyse the limits of robustness to test-time adversarial and noisy examples in classification. Our work focuses on deriving bounds which uniformly apply to all classifiers (i.e all measurable functions from features to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-13 Elvis Dohmatob

In many game-theoretic settings, agents are challenged with taking decisions against the uncertain behavior exhibited by others. Often, this uncertainty arises from multiple sources, e.g., incomplete information, limited computation,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Nicolas Lanzetti , Sylvain Fricker , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler , Dario Paccagnan

Modern machine learning algorithms perform poorly on adversarially manipulated data. Adversarial risk quantifies the error of classifiers in adversarial settings; adversarial classifiers minimize adversarial risk. In this paper, we analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Muni Sreenivas Pydi , Varun Jog

While progress has been made in understanding the robustness of machine learning classifiers to test-time adversaries (evasion attacks), fundamental questions remain unresolved. In this paper, we use optimal transport to characterize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Daniel Cullina , Prateek Mittal

Recent works on adversarial perturbations show that there is an inherent trade-off between standard test accuracy and adversarial accuracy. Specifically, they show that no classifier can simultaneously be robust to adversarial perturbations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-26 Arun Sai Suggala , Adarsh Prasad , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Pradeep Ravikumar

Adversarial optimal transport has been proven useful as a mathematical formulation to model resource allocation problems to maximize the efficiency of transportation with an adversary, who modifies the data. It is often the case, however,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yinan Hu , Juntao Chen , Quanyan Zhu

Adversarial training is a standard technique for training adversarially robust models. In this paper, we study adversarial training as an alternating best-response strategy in a 2-player zero-sum game. We prove that even in a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Maria-Florina Balcan , Rattana Pukdee , Pradeep Ravikumar , Hongyang Zhang

Adversarial machine learning, i.e., increasing the robustness of machine learning algorithms against so-called adversarial examples, is now an established field. Yet, newly proposed methods are evaluated and compared under unrealistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Maximilian Samsinger , Florian Merkle , Pascal Schöttle , Tomas Pevny

We consider a class of adversarial classification problems in the form of zero-sum games between a classifier and an adversary. The latter is able to corrupt data, at the expense of some optimal transport cost. We show that quite general…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Guillaume Carlier , Maxime Sylvestre

Adversarially robust learning aims to design algorithms that are robust to small adversarial perturbations on input variables. Beyond the existing studies on the predictive performance to adversarial samples, our goal is to understand…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-21 Yue Xing , Ruizhi Zhang , Guang Cheng

Adversarial attacks are widely used to identify model vulnerabilities; however, their validity as proxies for robustness to random perturbations remains debated. We ask whether an adversarial example provides a representative estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Giulio Rossolini

This paper investigates recently proposed approaches for defending against adversarial examples and evaluating adversarial robustness. We motivate 'adversarial risk' as an objective for achieving models robust to worst-case inputs. We then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Jonathan Uesato , Brendan O'Donoghue , Aaron van den Oord , Pushmeet Kohli

Despite achieving impressive performance, state-of-the-art classifiers remain highly vulnerable to small, imperceptible, adversarial perturbations. This vulnerability has proven empirically to be very intricate to address. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Alhussein Fawzi , Hamza Fawzi , Omar Fawzi

We study a model for adversarial classification based on distributionally robust chance constraints. We show that under Wasserstein ambiguity, the model aims to minimize the conditional value-at-risk of the distance to misclassification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nam Ho-Nguyen , Stephen J. Wright

Classification problems in security settings are usually contemplated as confrontations in which one or more adversaries try to fool a classifier to obtain a benefit. Most approaches to such adversarial classification problems have focused…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-25 Roi Naveiro , Alberto Redondo , David Ríos Insua , Fabrizio Ruggeri

We study adversarial perturbations when the instances are uniformly distributed over $\{0,1\}^n$. We study both "inherent" bounds that apply to any problem and any classifier for such a problem as well as bounds that apply to specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Dimitrios I. Diochnos , Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody

Adversarial examples are inevitable on the road of pervasive applications of deep neural networks (DNN). Imperceptible perturbations applied on natural samples can lead DNN-based classifiers to output wrong prediction with fair confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Tao Bai , Jinqi Luo , Jun Zhao

The vulnerability of machine learning models to adversarial attacks remains a critical security challenge. Traditional defenses, such as adversarial training, typically robustify models by minimizing a worst-case loss. However, these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-13 Pablo G. Arce , Roi Naveiro , David Ríos Insua

Here we propose a general theoretical method for analyzing the risk bound in the presence of adversaries. Specifically, we try to fit the adversarial learning problem into the minimax framework. We first show that the original adversarial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-25 Zhuozhuo Tu , Jingwei Zhang , Dacheng Tao

In modern transportation networks, adversaries can manipulate routing algorithms using false data injection attacks, such as simulating heavy traffic with multiple devices running crowdsourced navigation applications, to mislead vehicles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Taha Eghtesad , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Aron Laszka
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