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In a broad class of sparse random constraint satisfaction problems(CSP), deep heuristics from statistical physics predict that there is a condensation phase transition before the satisfiability threshold, governed by one-step replica…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Danny Nam , Allan Sly , Youngtak Sohn

Parity-SAT is the problem of determining whether a given CNF formula has an odd number of satisfying assignments. As a canonical $\oplus$P-complete problem, it represents a fundamental variant of the exact model counting problem (#SAT).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sanjay Jain , Junqiang Peng , Frank Stephan , Haoyun Tang , Mingyu Xiao

The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) is a generalization of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) that includes approximation variants of satisfiability and graph coloring problems. Barto [LICS '19] has shown that a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Kristina Asimi , Libor Barto

Random $K$-satisfiability ($K$-SAT) is a paradigmatic model system for studying phase transitions in constraint satisfaction problems and for developing empirical algorithms. The statistical properties of the random $K$-SAT solution space…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-07-08 Han Zhao , Hai-Jun Zhou

The local search algorithm WSat is one of the most successful algorithms for solving the satisfiability (SAT) problem. It is notably effective at solving hard Random 3-SAT instances near the so-called `satisfiability threshold', but still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-02 I. P. Gent , J. Singer , A. Smaill

The (2+p)-Satisfiability (SAT) problem interpolates between different classes of complexity theory and is believed to be of basic interest in understanding the onset of typical case complexity in random combinatorics. In this paper, a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Remi Monasson , Riccardo Zecchina

The CSP (constraint satisfaction problems) is a class of problems deciding whether there exists a homomorphism from an instance relational structure to a target one. The CSP dichotomy is a profound result recently proved by Zhuk (2020, J.…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-01-13 Azza Gaysin

We show that for every $k\in\mathbb{N}$ and $\varepsilon>0$, for large enough alphabet $R$, given a $k$-CSP with alphabet size $R$, it is NP-hard to distinguish between the case that there is an assignment satisfying at least…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Dor Minzer , Kai Zhe Zheng

The Local Lemma is a fundamental tool of probabilistic combinatorics and theoretical computer science, yet there are hardly any natural problems known where it provides an asymptotically tight answer. The main theme of our paper is to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-21 Heidi Gebauer , Tibor Szabo , Gabor Tardos

We consider the random 2-satisfiability problem, in which each instance is a formula that is the conjunction of m clauses of the form (x or y), chosen uniformly at random from among all 2-clauses on n Boolean variables and their negations.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-19 Béla Bollobás , Christian Borgs , Jennifer T. Chayes , Jeong Han Kim , David B. Wilson

We introduce the fermionic satisfiability problem, Fermionic $k$-SAT: this is the problem of deciding whether there is a fermionic state in the null-space of a collection of fermionic, parity-conserving, projectors on $n$ fermionic modes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Maarten Stroeks , Barbara M. Terhal

Satisfiability is considered the canonical NP-complete problem and is used as a starting point for hardness reductions in theory, while in practice heuristic SAT solving algorithms can solve large-scale industrial SAT instances very…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Thomas Bläsius , Tobias Friedrich , Andreas Göbel , Jordi Levy , Ralf Rothenberger

Quantum k-SAT (the problem of determining whether a k-local Hamiltonian is frustration-free) is known to be QMA_1-complete for k >= 3, and hence likely hard for quantum computers to solve. Building on a classical result of Alon and Shapira,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ashley Montanaro , Changpeng Shao , Dominic Verdon

We show that the problem of deciding for a given finite relation algebra A whether the network satisfaction problem for A can be solved by the k-consistency procedure, for some natural number k, is undecidable. For the important class of…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Manuel Bodirsky , Simon Knäuer

We lay the foundations of a new theory for algorithms and computational complexity by parameterizing the instances of a computational problem as a moduli scheme. Considering the geometry of the scheme associated to 3-SAT, we separate P and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ali Çivril

We present a new distributed model of probabilistically checkable proofs (PCP). A satisfying assignment $x \in \{0,1\}^n$ to a CNF formula $\varphi$ is shared between two parties, where Alice knows $x_1, \dots, x_{n/2}$, Bob knows…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Amir Abboud , Aviad Rubinstein , Ryan Williams

We consider the following problem. Given a 2-CNF formula, is it possible to remove at most $k$ clauses so that the resulting 2-CNF formula is satisfiable? This problem is known to different research communities in Theoretical Computer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-04-18 Igor Razgon , Barry O'Sullivan

We show that the CNF satisfiability problem (SAT) can be solved in time $O^*(1.1199^{(d-2)n})$, where $d$ is either the maximum number of occurrences of any variable or the average number of occurrences of all variables if no variable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Sanjay Jain , Tzeh Yuan Neoh , Frank Stephan

In this paper, we examine Quigley's "A Polynomial Time Algorithm for 3SAT" [Qui24]. Quigley claims to construct an algorithm that runs in polynomial time and determines whether a boolean formula in 3CNF form is satisfiable. Such a result…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nicholas DeJesse , Spencer Lyudovyk , Dhruv Pai

In the last three decades, the $k$-SUM hypothesis has emerged as a satisfying explanation of long-standing time barriers for a variety of algorithmic problems. Yet to this day, the literature knows of only few proven consequences of a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Geri Gokaj , Marvin Künnemann